Halal Travel Guide: My Mosque Journey Part 1 — 634 Mosques in 9 Years

Reposted from the web

Summary: This first part of a nine-year mosque journey records a long personal route through hundreds of mosques and Muslim heritage sites. The English version preserves the original list structure, place names, years, mosque names, and factual details while keeping it as one long article.

I graduated from college and started working in 2014. I finished my internship and began saving money in 2015. In 2016, I officially started visiting mosque communities along the Grand Canal and the Yangtze River. I could not stop after that, and now I am already in my tenth year. Over these 9 years, I have been to 21 countries and 27 provinces. I visited 634 mosques, including 480 ancient buildings.

In 2016, I officially started visiting Hui Muslim communities along the Grand Canal and the Huai River, and I also visited some ancient mosques. At the same time, I used the National Day holiday to take a loop trip around Xinjiang. See "Visiting 16 Ancient Mosques in 2016."

In 2017, I continued visiting Hui Muslim communities along the Grand Canal and started visiting those along the Yangtze River. That year, I went to Cangzhou, Linqing, Liaocheng, Xuzhou, Huai'an, Yangzhou, Zhenjiang, Jiaxing, and Hangzhou along the Grand Canal. I also went to Shanghai, Nanjing, Wuhu, Hexian, Anqing, Jiujiang, Wuhan, and Jingzhou along the Yangtze River. I recorded the scenes of the Hui Muslim communities at that time. Some of these communities have now been demolished, such as those in Wuhan and Jingzhou, and have become historical records. In the summer, I also went to Dali to visit some ancient mosques in Weishan and Eryuan. See "Visiting 27 Ancient Mosques in 2017."

In 2018, I visited 101 ancient mosques across 5 countries and 8 provinces. It was a very fulfilling year. In February, I went to Shanhaiguan. During the Spring Festival holiday, I went to Ho Chi Minh City in Vietnam to visit the Cham community, and then I went to Delhi, India. During the Qingming holiday, I went to Xinjiang to search for the history of the Yarkent Khanate. During the May Day holiday, I went to Lhasa to visit the Tibetan Hui Muslim community. In June, I went to the UAE for Eid al-Fitr, and then I went to Tianjin to eat and explore. In July, I used my weekends to visit Nanjing and Suizhong in Liaoning to eat and explore. In September, I went to Taiyuan to do the same. At the end of September, I used my annual leave and the National Day holiday to visit Azerbaijan and Turkey, where I saw over a hundred old buildings. In November, I went to Kaifeng for sightseeing and food. See "101 Ancient Mosques Visited in 2018".

By 2019, I had mastered the skill of using holidays to visit ancient mosques abroad. I would first research a lot of information, pick the mosques worth seeing, and then use map websites to plan my route to visit as many as possible in the limited time. I visited a total of 64 ancient mosques across 7 countries and 2 provinces. See '64 Ancient Mosques Visited in 2019'.

At the start of 2020, I went to Urumqi for the Spring Festival holiday and visited the Shaanxi Old Quarter mosque. Later, I was almost locked down and unable to return to Beijing. I worked from home during the first half of the year. Once restrictions were lifted in early July, we spent a weekend visiting the Hongshuiquan Grand Mosque in Qinghai. In August, we took our honeymoon and visited 18 ancient mosques in Yunnan and Sichuan. During the National Day holiday, we traveled upstream along the Han River and visited 3 ancient mosques in southern Shaanxi. In total, I visited 23 ancient mosques across 5 provinces in 2020. See '23 Ancient Mosques Visited in 2020'.

In January 2021, mosques in Beijing were closed. In mid-March, travel restrictions were lifted, so I rushed to visit ancient mosques in Henan, Jiangsu, Hebei, Xinjiang, Liaoning, Shanxi, Tianjin, Qinghai, and Inner Mongolia. By July, travel out of Beijing was restricted again. During the National Day holiday, there were no new cases nationwide, so we went on a road trip to Yunnan to visit ancient mosques. After the holiday, I could not leave Beijing again. In 2021, with less than half a year of actual freedom, I visited 47 ancient mosques across 11 provinces and cities. See '47 Ancient Mosques Visited in 2021'.

2022 was the most difficult year, as I was unable to leave Beijing for the entire year. That year, I visited some ruins of former ancient mosques in Beijing and some mosques I had never been to before, totaling 25 ancient mosques for the year. See "Visiting 25 Ancient Mosques in Beijing in 2022."

Travel restrictions within Beijing were lifted in early 2023, and international travel restrictions were lifted in May. This year saw an explosion of travel, covering 11 provinces and cities, 6 countries, and three continents—Europe, Asia, and Africa—for a total of 124 ancient mosques. See "Visiting 124 Ancient Mosques in 2023."

Life gradually returned to normal in 2024, and the number of ancient mosques I visited dropped due to work changes and spending time with my children. This year I went to 6 provinces and 3 countries, visiting 63 ancient mosques. I visited Malaysia three times, touring 24 ancient mosques, which covers almost all the ancient mosques in Malaysia. See "Visiting 63 Ancient Mosques in 2024."



Here is the list of mosques I have visited:

Province

City

Name

Date

Notes

Beijing

Dongcheng

Dongsi Mosque

The main hall was built in 1447 as an official mosque during the Ming Dynasty.

Huashi Mosque

It was first built in 1414 (the 12th year of the Wanli reign of the Ming Dynasty) as an official mosque.

Dongzhimen Outer Mosque

It was first built in the Yuan Dynasty, moved and rebuilt in 1991, and still keeps its original mihrab.

Andingmen Outer Mosque

It was first built during the Jiaqing reign of the Qing Dynasty and moved to its current site in 1991.

Nandouyacai Mosque

It was first built in 1798 and moved to its current site in 2003.

Xicheng District

Niujie Mosque

Its history goes back to the Liao and Jin dynasties, and it was expanded in 1427 (the second year of the Xuande reign of the Ming Dynasty).

Mishi Hutong Mosque

It was converted in 1940 by Hui Muslims from the northwest living near Caishikou.

No longer in use

Fayuan Mosque

It was moved and expanded during the Kangxi reign, and the main hall was expanded again during the Republic of China period.

Deshengqiao Mosque

It was first built in the Qing Dynasty and rebuilt in 1946.

Large residential courtyard (dazayuan)

Yongshou Mosque

It was first built in 1605 (the 33rd year of the Wanli reign of the Ming Dynasty).

Qianmen Mosque

First built in the early Ming Dynasty, then renovated in 1680 and 1795.

Main prayer hall of the China Islamic Institute.

Built in 1958.

Huihuiying Mosque.

Built by imperial order of the Qianlong Emperor in 1759, rebuilt in 1912, demolished in 2010, and relocated and rebuilt in 2011; it still houses Qing Dynasty stone tablets and arched doorways.

No longer in use

Pushou Mosque.

First built in 1429 (the fourth year of the Xuande reign of the Ming Dynasty), rebuilt in 2014, and currently houses stone tablets from various dynasties.

No longer in use

Zhengyuan Mosque.

Its predecessor was located at Beigouyan inside Xizhimen, first built during the Daoguang reign; it was relocated and renamed in 1997.

Houheyan Mosque.

First built in 1948 and rebuilt in 1995.

Haidian.

Fangwai Guan (View of the World from Afar) in the Old Summer Palace.

Built between 1756 and 1759 (the 21st to 24th years of the Qianlong reign) specifically for the Zhuo clan to perform namaz.

Ruins

Landianchang Mosque.

First built during the Ming Dynasty and renovated in 2007.

Shucun Mosque.

First built during the Kangxi reign.

Madian Mosque.

First built during the Kangxi reign.

Haidian Mosque.

First built during the Ming Dynasty, renovated and expanded in 1995.

Siwangfu Mosque.

First built during the Qianlong period, rebuilt in 1990.

Anheqiao Mosque.

First built during the Kangxi years, moved and rebuilt in 2005.

Chaoyang.

Xihui Mosque.

First built in 1821 (the first year of the Daoguang reign), rebuilt in 1999.

Yangzha Mosque.

First built during the Wanli years of the Ming Dynasty, rebuilt in 1994.

Wanziying Mosque.

Original construction date unknown, renovated in the late 1980s.

Balizhuang Mosque.

First built in the early years of the Qianlong reign, renovated in 2000.

Nanxiapo Mosque.

First built in the early Kangxi years.

Changying Mosque.

Built during the Zhengde years of the Ming Dynasty, expanded in 2004.

Guanzhuang Mosque.

Original construction date unknown, renovated and rebuilt from 2003 to 2004.

Fangshan.

Doudian Mosque.

First built in 1713, rebuilt in 2017.

Changping.

Shahe Mosque

It was first built during the Ming Dynasty and renovated twice during the Guangxu period of the Qing Dynasty and the Republic of China era.

Wujie Mosque

Legend says it was built by Chang Yuchun during his northern expedition, and it was rebuilt during the Wanli period using stone and wood originally intended for the Ming Tombs.

Jahriyya

Nankou Mosque

It was built in the Ming Dynasty and renovated during the Guangxu period.

No longer in use

Xiguanshi Mosque

It was first built in 1494 (the seventh year of the Hongzhi period of the Ming Dynasty), and the main prayer hall was rebuilt in 1709 (the forty-eighth year of the Kangxi period).

Heying Mosque

Located next to the tomb of Bo Haji, it was rebuilt in 1930 and renovated again in 2024.

Yanqing

Chadao Mosque

It was first built in the Qing Dynasty and rebuilt in 2008.

Miyun

Gubeikou Mosque

It was first built in the Ming Dynasty and renovated during the Chongzhen period of the Ming and the Kangxi period of the Qing.

No longer in use

Chengguan Mosque

It was first built in the Qing Dynasty and moved to a new location to be rebuilt in 2006.

Mujiayu Mosque

It was first built in the Qing Dynasty, destroyed in 1948, rebuilt in 1991, and rebuilt again in 2024.

Tongzhou

Tongzhou Grand Mosque

Built during the Yuan Dynasty Yanyou period (1314–1320), it was expanded in 1593 (the 21st year of the Wanli reign).

Zhangjiawan Mosque

Built in the early Ming Dynasty, the fourth section of the prayer hall was expanded in 1956.

Majuqiao Mosque

First built in the Ming Dynasty, it was renovated during the Qianlong reign, expanded again in 1937, and rebuilt in 1999 using wood and bricks from the Niujie Women's Mosque.

Xiguan Mosque

First built in 1766, it was rebuilt in 2014.

Tianjin

Hongqiao

Northwest Corner South Mosque

Construction began during the Guangxu reign and was completed during the Xuantong reign.

Northwest Corner Grand Mosque

First built in the Ming Dynasty, it was expanded twice in the 18th year of the Kangxi reign and the 6th year of the Jiaqing reign.

Northwest Corner West Mosque

First built in 1910 and later rebuilt.

Wuqing

Yangcun North Mosque

First built in 1620 (the 48th year of the Wanli reign), it was expanded in 1999.

Hexiwu Mosque

First built in 1403, it was rebuilt in 1988.

Beichen

Tianmu North Mosque

First built in 1404, it was rebuilt in 1992.

Heping

Xining Road Mosque

Built in 1992

Hebei

Jinjia Yao Mosque

First built in 1574, it is the oldest mosque in Tianjin and was rebuilt in 1890.

Hexi

Liulin Mosque

Built in 2005

Nankai

Dongda Mosque

First built in 1915, it moved to its current location in 2008.

Hedong

Fuxingzhuang Mosque

First built in 1927, it moved to its current location in 2004.

Hebei

Shijiazhuang

Shijiazhuang Mosque

First built in 1907, it was rebuilt in 1995.

Cangzhou

Beida Mosque

First built in 1420 (the 18th year of the Yongle reign of the Ming Dynasty).

Botou Mosque

First built in 1404 (the 2nd year of the Yongle reign), it was expanded between the late Ming and early Qing dynasties.

Qinhuangdao

Shanhaiguan Mosque

Built in 1381 (the 14th year of the Hongwu reign).

Zhangjiakou

Xinhua Street Mosque

Built in 1863 (the 2nd year of the Tongzhi reign) by camel herders from Ningxia.

Xiguan Mosque

Built during the Yongzheng period.

Xuanhua South Mosque

First built in 1403 (the 1st year of the Yongle reign), moved and rebuilt in 1820 (the 25th year of the Jiaqing reign), and completed in 1854 (the 4th year of the Xianfeng reign).

Xuanhua North Mosque

First built in 1722 (the 61st year of the Kangxi reign).

Warehouse

Xuanhua Central Mosque

First built in 1821 (the 1st year of the Daoguang reign) and renovated in 2016.

Chengde

West Mosque

Built during the Daoguang reign.

Pingquan South Street Mosque

First built in 1647 (the 4th year of the Shunzhi reign) and rebuilt in 1742 (the 7th year of the Qianlong reign).

Baoding

West Mosque

First built in 1616.

East Mosque

First built during the Tongzhi reign.

Warehouse

Women's mosque.

First built in 1916 and moved to this location in 1940.

Mosque inside Zhuozhou city.

First built during the Yongle reign of the Ming Dynasty, with the main prayer hall rebuilt in 2000.

Xingtai.

Hongguanying Mosque in Linxi County.

First built between the Xuande and Tianshun reigns of the Ming Dynasty, burned down during the Taiping Rebellion's Northern Expedition in 1854, and rebuilt into its current form in 1874.

Shandong.

Jinan.

South Great Mosque (Nandasi).

Moved to the current site in 1295 and renovated and expanded in 1874.

Beida Mosque

First built during the Hongzhi reign of the Ming Dynasty, with multiple expansions during the Qing Dynasty and the Republic of China era.

Dikou Mosque.

First built at the end of the Wanli reign of the Ming Dynasty.

Nanguan Mosque.

First built in 1500 and renovated in 1858.

Dangxi Mosque.

First built at the end of the Yuan Dynasty, later burned down by the Red Turban Army, and rebuilt in 1397 (the 30th year of the Hongwu reign).

Dangdong Mosque.

First built in 1510 (the 5th year of the Zhengde reign of the Ming Dynasty).

Ma'anshan Small Mosque.

Built no later than the Qing Dynasty, it was later abandoned and only ruins and broken stone tablets remain.

Ruins

Qingzhou

Zhenjiao Mosque

First built in 1302 (the sixth year of the Dade reign of the Yuan Dynasty).

Chengli Mosque

First built in 1546 (the twenty-fifth year of the Jiajing reign of the Ming Dynasty).

Tai'an

Taicheng Mosque

First built between the end of the Yuan Dynasty and the beginning of the Ming Dynasty, and expanded through successive dynasties.

Xiawang Mosque

Land was donated in 1626 (the sixth year of the Tianqi reign of the Ming Dynasty), and it was rebuilt many times during the Qing Dynasty.

Taicheng East Mosque

First built in 1920 and rebuilt in 1995.

Liaocheng

Dongguan West Mosque

First built in 1385.

Dongguan East Mosque

First built during the Yongle reign of the Ming Dynasty.

Linqing

Beida Mosque

First built in 1504.

East Mosque

First built in 1465 and expanded in 1734.

Women's mosque.

First built in 1924, rebuilt in 2009.

Jining

Shunhe East Mosque (Shunhe Dongdasi)

Built around 1420 during the late Yongle period of the Ming Dynasty, renovated in 1459 (the third year of the Tianshun reign).

Liuhang East Mosque (Liuhang Dongsi)

Built during the Wanli reign, expanded during the Kangxi reign.

Dezhou

Beiying Mosque (Beiyingsi)

First built during the Ming Dynasty Wanli reign, rebuilt in 1940.

Nanying Mosque (Nanyingsi)

First built between the end of the Ming Dynasty and the beginning of the Qing Dynasty, rebuilt in 2006.

Xiaoguoshi Mosque (Xiaoguoshisi)

First built in 1582, rebuilt in 2012.

Henan

Kaifeng

Kaifeng East Mosque (Kaifeng Dongdasi)

Destroyed by flooding at the end of the Ming Dynasty, rebuilt in 1655 (the twelfth year of the Kangxi reign).

Shanyitang Mosque (Shanyitangsi)

Built in 1874 (the thirteenth year of the Tongzhi reign of the Qing Dynasty) by Hui Muslims from Shaanxi who settled in Kaifeng.

Wangjia Hutong Women's School (Wangjia Hutong Nüxuetang)

First built in the 1810s (during the Jiaqing reign of the Qing Dynasty), it is the earliest women's mosque in the country.

Beida Mosque

Destroyed by Yellow River flooding in 1645, relocated and rebuilt in 1662 (the first year of the Kangxi reign of the Qing Dynasty).

Wenshu Mosque

It was first built in the Ming Dynasty, destroyed by a flood at the end of the Chongzhen era, and rebuilt in 1649 (the sixth year of the Shunzhi era of the Qing Dynasty). It still has a screen wall from the Qing Dynasty.

Zhuxian Town North Mosque

It was first built during the Taiping Xingguo years of the Northern Song Dynasty, destroyed by a flood at the end of the Ming Dynasty, and rebuilt in 1738 (the third year of the Qianlong era of the Qing Dynasty).

Zhengzhou

Beida Mosque

It is said to have been first built in the Ming Dynasty and renovated in the Qing Dynasty.

Bo'ai

Xiguan Mosque

It was first built in the Yuan Dynasty, and the main hall was expanded in 1405 (the third year of the Yongle era of the Ming Dynasty). It is known as the 'First Mosque of Northern Henan'.

Erxianmiao Mosque

It was first built in the Yuan Dynasty, renovated in 1638 (the eleventh year of the Chongzhen era of the Ming Dynasty), and renovated again in 1731 (the ninth year of the Yongzheng era of the Qing Dynasty).

Daxinzhuang East Mosque

It was first built in the Yuan Dynasty, expanded in the Ming Dynasty, and the rear hall was added during the Republic of China era.

Daxinzhuang West Mosque

It was first built during the Jiaqing era.

Qinyang

Beida Mosque

It was moved to its current location in 1561 (the fortieth year of the Jiajing era of the Ming Dynasty), destroyed by fire in 1628 (the first year of the Chongzhen era of the Ming Dynasty), and rebuilt in 1631.

Liaoning

Suizhong

Suizhong Mosque

It was first built in 1737 (the second year of the Qianlong era) and moved to its current location in 1797 (the third year of the Jiaqing era).

Lingyuan

Lingyuan Mosque

Built during the Qianlong reign.

Shenyang

South Great Mosque (Nandasi).

First built in 1636 (the first year of the Chongde reign of the Qing Dynasty) and expanded in 1662.

East Mosque

First built in 1803 (the eighth year of the Jiaqing reign). In 1935, the prayer hall was rebuilt in a Western style, while the Moon-Watching Tower (Wangyue Lou) kept its original Chinese style.

No longer in use

Xinmin Mosque

Built in 1765, burned down in 1866, and rebuilt in 1883.

Kaiyuan

Laocheng Mosque

First built in 1406 (the fourth year of the Yongle reign of the Ming Dynasty) and rebuilt in 1680 (the nineteenth year of the Kangxi reign). It is the oldest mosque in Northeast China.

Jinzhou

Luyang Mosque

First built in 1531 and rebuilt between 1922 and 1925.

Beizhen Mosque

First built in 1522 and expanded in 1617.

Xinlitun Mosque

Built in 1842, burned down in 1873, and later rebuilt.

Dandong

Fengcheng Mosque

Built in 1775.

Dandong Mosque

First built in 1876, rebuilt in 2004.

Dalian

Fuzhou Mosque (Fuzhou Si)

Built in 1656, the main hall was rebuilt in 1774, and it was expanded in 1880 and 1920.

Qingdui Mosque (Qingdui Si)

First built during the Daoguang reign of the Qing Dynasty, renovated in 1894.

Dalian Mosque (Dalian Si)

First built in 1922, rebuilt in 1990.

Jilin

Changchun

Changtong Road Mosque (Changtonglu Si)

First built in 1824, moved to its current location in 1852, and expanded in 1864.

Heilongjiang

Harbin

Daowai Mosque (Daowai Si)

First built in 1897, rebuilt in 1935.

Acheng Mosque (Acheng Si)

First built in 1777, rebuilt in 1900.

Tatar Mosque (Dada Si)

First built in 1901, rebuilt in 1937.

Museum

Qiqihar

Bukui West Mosque (Bukui Xi Si)

Built in 1852, it is the only Jahriyya (Zheherenye) mosque in Heilongjiang.

Jahriyya

Bukui East Mosque

The first mosque in Heilongjiang, built in 1676.

Shanxi

Taiyuan

Taiyuan Mosque

Rebuilt during the Ming Dynasty.

Datong

Datong Mosque

First built in 1324 (the first year of the Taiding era of the Yuan Dynasty) by imperial order, and rebuilt in 1622.

Inner Mongolia

Hohhot

Great Mosque

First built between the late Ming and early Qing dynasties, expanded in 1789 (the 54th year of the Qianlong era), and expanded again in 1923.

East Mosque

First built during the Kangxi era of the Qing Dynasty as a school, expanded into a mosque during the Guangxu era, and rebuilt in 2014.

Ulanqab

Fengzhen Longshengzhuang Mosque

First built in 1751 (the 16th year of the Qianlong era of the Qing Dynasty) and expanded in 1831 (the 11th year of the Daoguang era).

Chifeng

Chifeng North Mosque

First built in 1739 and moved to its current location in 1747.

Shaanxi

Xi'an

Huajue Lane Mosque

Rebuilt during the Hongwu period of the Ming Dynasty (1368-1398).

Daxuexi Lane Mosque

Rebuilt in 1384 (the 17th year of the Hongwu period of the Ming Dynasty).

Ikhwan

Xiaopiyuan Mosque

Renovated in 1611 (the 39th year of the Wanli period of the Ming Dynasty).

Dapiyuan Mosque

Built in 1411 (the 9th year of the Yongle period of the Ming Dynasty).

Ikhwan

Xiaoxuexi Lane Yingli Mosque

Built in 1774 (the 39th year of the Qianlong period of the Qing Dynasty).

Ikhwan

Beiguangji Street Small Mosque

First built in the late Ming Dynasty, the minaret (bangkelou) was built during the Qianlong period, and the main prayer hall was rebuilt after 1985.

Sajinqiao West Mosque

First built in 1926, the main prayer hall was rebuilt in 1987, and the north and south halls still keep their appearance from a hundred years ago.

Ikhwan

Nancheng Mosque

First built in 1683 (the 22nd year of the Kangxi period) and rebuilt in 1992.

Dongxinjie Mosque

First built in 1936 and rebuilt in 2013.

Ikhwan

Xiaoxuexi Lane Middle Mosque

Built in 1919 and rebuilt in 1987.

Sajinqiao Mosque.

First built during the Kangxi reign of the Qing Dynasty and rebuilt in 1985.

Ankang.

Shuhe Mosque.

First built during the Jiajing reign of the Ming Dynasty and expanded in 1915.

Ankang Mosque.

First built during the Yuan Dynasty, with the main prayer hall rebuilt in 2013.

Ankang North Mosque.

First built in 1502 and rebuilt in 1994.

Jingning South Mosque.

First built during the Ming Dynasty and rebuilt after the 1980s.

Hanzhong.

Xixiang South Mosque.

First built during the Ming Dynasty, with the main gate and south wing still standing today.

Xixiang North Mosque.

Built in 1614 by Hui Muslims who moved from Jingning Prefecture (modern-day Pingliang, Gansu) and rebuilt in 1816.

Gansu.

Tianshui.

Houjie Mosque.

First built during the Zhizheng years of the Yuan Dynasty and rebuilt in 1374 (the seventh year of the Hongwu reign of the Ming Dynasty).

Taizi Mosque.

First built during the Shunzhi reign of the Qing Dynasty and later expanded.

Jahriyya

Houzhai Mosque

Unknown

Beiguan Mosque

Unknown

Qinan Nanxiaguan Mosque

First built during the Hongwu era of the Ming Dynasty.

Linxia

Beisi Mosque

First built in 1741 (the sixth year of the Qianlong era of the Qing Dynasty), only the original spirit wall remains today.

Laowang Mosque

First built in 1368 (the first year of the Hongwu era of the Ming Dynasty), rebuilt in 1980.

West Mosque

First built during the Kangxi era, rebuilt in 1983.

Daqi Mosque

First built during the Kangxi era, rebuilt in 1985.

Qinghai

Ping'an

Hongshuiquan Grand Mosque

The current buildings mostly follow the style from the Qianlong era.

Xunhua

Qingshuihe East Mosque

First built in 1425.

Mengda Mosque

First built in 1408 (the sixth year of the Yongle era of the Ming Dynasty), expanded three times during the Qing Dynasty.

Tashapo Mosque

Built in 1480 (the 16th year of the Chenghua reign of the Ming Dynasty) and renovated in 1755 (the 20th year of the Qianlong reign of the Qing Dynasty).

Labian Mosque

First built during the Qianlong reign, the main hall was rebuilt in 2015, and only the minaret (xuanlilou) and the two side gate towers remain of the ancient structure.

Zhangga Mosque

First built in 1406 (the 4th year of the Yongle reign of the Ming Dynasty) and rebuilt during the Qing Dynasty.

Kewa Mosque

First built in 1403 (the 1st year of the Yongle reign of the Ming Dynasty) and expanded during the Qing Dynasty.

Suzhi Mosque

First built in 1460 (the 4th year of the Tianshun reign of the Ming Dynasty) and expanded during the Qing Dynasty.

Hualong

Ahetan Mosque

The existing structure dates to the Qing Dynasty.

Xinjiang

Urumqi

Shaanxi Laofang Mosque

First built in 1808 (the 12th year of the Jiaqing reign) and rebuilt in 2014.

Shaanxi Great Mosque

First built in 1883 (the 9th year of the Guangxu reign) and again in 1906 (the 32nd year of the Guangxu reign).

South Great Mosque (Nandasi).

The first Jahriyya mosque in Urumqi, first built in 1874 (the 13th year of the Tongzhi reign) and rebuilt in 1919.

Jahriyya

Kuanxiang Mosque

First built during the Jiaqing reign of the Qing Dynasty and rebuilt in 1934.

Closed

Qinghai Grand Mosque

Built in 1868 (the seventh year of the Tongzhi reign) with donations from Hui Muslims from Qinghai, and later rebuilt.

Salas Mosque

Built in 1865 (the fourth year of the Tongzhi reign) by the Salar people from Qinghai, and rebuilt in 2002.

Hezhou Grand Mosque

Built in 1915 by Hui Muslims from Linxia, Gansu, and rebuilt in 1988.

Beifang Mosque

First built in 1886 (the twelfth year of the Guangxu reign), and later rebuilt.

Dongfang Grand Mosque

First built in 1877 (the third year of the Guangxu reign), and later rebuilt.

Xidasi Mosque

Built in 1890 (the sixteenth year of the Guangxu reign) by Hui Muslims from Shaanxi, and later moved and rebuilt.

Balikun Mosque

Built in 1877 (the third year of the Guangxu reign) by Hui Muslims from Balikun, and later rebuilt.

Fengxiang Mosque

Built in 1884 (the tenth year of the Guangxu reign) by Hui Muslims from Fengxiang, Shaanxi, and later rebuilt.

Binzhou Mosque (Baiji Mosque)

Built during the Guangxu reign by Hui Muslims from Binzhou Prefecture, Shaanxi (now Binzhou City), and moved and rebuilt in 1990.

Yongdeng Mosque

Built in 1946 by Hui Muslims from Yongdeng, Gansu.

Lanzhou Mosque

Moved and rebuilt in 1984.

Hami

Shaanxi Great Mosque

First built in 1898, the old hanging flower gate (chuihuamen) still stands today.

Turpan

Shanshan East Mosque (Shanshan Dongdasi)

Completed in 1911.

Jahriyya

Dongda Mosque

First built in 1871 and renovated in 1911.

Xidasi Mosque

First built in 1859.

Sugong Minaret Mosque (Sugongta Si).

Built in 1778, it is the tallest historic minaret in Xinjiang.

Yining

Shaanxi Great Mosque

First built in 1751, with expansions in 1760 and 1781.

Uzbek Mosque (Uzbek Si).

Built in 1933.

Uzbek people.

Baitula Mosque (Baitula Si).

Built in 1773, the old call-to-prayer tower (bangke ta) still stands.

Uyghur people (Taranchi).

Yarkant (Shache).

Azna Mosque (Azna Si).

Built during the reign of Aba Bakr in Yarkant (1465-1514).

Jiaman Mosque

It was first built by Sultan Said Khan, the founder of the Yarkant Khanate, and later expanded during the reign of Abdullah Khan (1638–1669).

Altun Mosque

Built in 1533 during the Yarkant Khanate, its current appearance dates back to renovations and expansions in 1735.

Kashgar

Id Kah Mosque

First built in 1442.

Kuqa

Great Mosque

First built in the 16th century.

Anhui

Huainan

Shouxian Great Mosque

Moved to its current location during the Tianqi era of the Ming Dynasty.

Laishanjie Mosque

First built in 1619 (the 47th year of the Wanli era of the Ming Dynasty), and expanded in 1872 (the 11th year of the Tongzhi era) with funds donated by Yang Qizhen.

Bengbu

Linbei Old Mosque

First built in the late Ming Dynasty, and abandoned in 2015.

Linbei New Mosque

Newly built in 2015.

Chuzhou

Fengyang Prefecture City Mosque

Built shortly after the completion of Fengyang Prefecture City in 1755.

Anqing

Nanguan Mosque.

It was first built in 1469 (the fifth year of the Chenghua reign). It was destroyed by the Taiping Heavenly Kingdom in 1853 (the third year of the Xianfeng reign) and rebuilt in 1897 (the twenty-third year of the Guangxu reign).

Xiguan Mosque

It was first built during the Qianlong reign and moved to its current location in 1877 (the thirteenth year of the Guangxu reign).

Only the main gate remains today.

Wuhu

Wuhu Mosque

It was first built in the early Qing dynasty, destroyed by the Taiping Heavenly Kingdom, and rebuilt in 1864.

Ma'anshan

Hexian Mosque

It was first built in 1368 (the first year of the Hongwu reign of the Ming dynasty) and rebuilt in 1837 (the seventeenth year of the Daoguang reign).

Jiangsu

Nanjing

Hushu Mosque

It was first built in 1392 (the twenty-fifth year of the Hongwu reign). It was destroyed during the Taiping Heavenly Kingdom and the main hall was rebuilt in 1896 (the twenty-second year of the Guangxu reign).

Xiaowangfu Lane Mosque

It was first built in 1874 (the thirteenth year of the Tongzhi reign).

It is currently being vacated.

Liuhe Changjiang Road Mosque

It was first built during the Qianlong reign, destroyed by the Taiping Heavenly Kingdom, and rebuilt during the Guangxu reign.

Caoqiao Mosque

After Caoqiao Mosque and Taiping Road Mosque were demolished in 2003, the building components of the main hall and second hall of Taiping Road Mosque were used to rebuild it at a new site, which was completed in 2005. Taiping Road Mosque was destroyed by the Taiping Heavenly Kingdom, later rebuilt, and rebuilt again in 1924.

Jingjue Mosque

First built in 1388 (the 21st year of the Hongwu reign), rebuilt in 1877 (the 3rd year of the Guangxu reign).

Jizhaoying Mosque

First built in 1770 (the 35th year of the Qianlong reign of the Qing Dynasty), rebuilt in 2009.

Yangzhou

Puhading Tomb Mosque

The mosque is next to the main gate of the Puhading Tomb and was renovated in 1845.

Xianhe Mosque

Founded in 1275 (the 12th year of the Zhiyuan reign of the Yuan Dynasty), rebuilt in 1390 (the 23rd year of the Hongwu reign of the Ming Dynasty).

Gaoyou Mosque

Rebuilt in 1864 (the 3rd year of the Tongzhi reign).

Lingtang Mosque

Moved to its current location in the early Qing Dynasty, rebuilt in 1844 (the 24th year of the Daoguang reign), and expanded again in 1921.

Zhenjiang

Gurun Mosque

First built in the Yuan Dynasty, moved to its current location in 2005. It preserves Ming and Qing dynasty stone tablets from the original mosque, an ancient well railing, and the mihrab from the mosque outside the south gate of Zhenjiang.

Xinhe Street Mosque

Built in 1930, closed after 1958.

Closed, Ikhwan sect.

Shanxiang Mosque

Expanded during the Kangxi reign, destroyed by the Taiping Rebellion in 1853 (the 3rd year of the Xianfeng reign), and rebuilt in 1873 (the 12th year of the Tongzhi reign).

Huai'an

Hexia Mosque

Built between the late Ming and early Qing dynasties.

Qingjiang Mosque

It was first built during the Jiajing period of the Ming Dynasty. It was destroyed by the Nian Army in 1860 (the tenth year of the Xianfeng reign) and rebuilt in 1870 (the ninth year of the Tongzhi reign).

Wangjiaying Mosque

It was built during the Yongzheng reign and rebuilt in 1979.

Jahriyya

Shanghai

Fuyou Road Mosque

It was first built in 1863 (the second year of the Tongzhi reign). The main prayer hall was rebuilt in 1870 (the ninth year of the Tongzhi reign). It was expanded twice in 1900 (the twenty-sixth year of the Guangxu reign) and 1905 (the thirty-first year of the Guangxu reign), and the main gate was built in 1935.

Xiaotaoyuan Mosque

It was first built in 1917 and rebuilt in 1925.

Zhejiang Road Mosque

It was first built in 1855 (the fifth year of the Xianfeng reign), officially completed in 1870 (the ninth year of the Tongzhi reign), and rebuilt in 1900 (the twenty-sixth year of the Guangxu reign).

It is now a restaurant owned by the mosque.

Songjiang Mosque

It was built during the Zhizheng period of the Yuan Dynasty and rebuilt in 1391.

Zhejiang

Jiaxing

Jiaxing Mosque

It was first built in 1602 (the thirtieth year of the Wanli reign). It fell into ruin after the Taiping Rebellion and was reused by Hui Muslims who moved there from Henan after the founding of the Republic of China.

Hangzhou

Phoenix Mosque (Fenghuang Si)

It was rebuilt in the early Yuan Dynasty. The main prayer hall was demolished in 1953, and the remaining rear hall is an ancient building.

Yiwu

Yiwu Grand Mosque

First built in 2004 and rebuilt in 2012.

Lishui

Lishui Mosque

Built in 1886.

Hubei

Wuhan

Qiyijie Mosque

The courtyard holds the Hundred-Character Eulogy stele from Yuanmenkou Mosque.

Jiangan Mosque

First built in 1918 and rebuilt in 2018.

Xiangyang

Fancheng Mosque

First built during the Yongle period of the Ming Dynasty and rebuilt in 2015.

Jingzhou

Yingxijie Mosque

Built in 1925 and rebuilt in 1995.

Sichuan

Chengdu

Huangcheng Mosque

First built in 1666 (the fifth year of the Kangxi reign) and rebuilt in 1998.

Gulou Mosque

Built in the early Qing Dynasty and moved to its current location in 1996.

No longer in use

Jiusi

Built in 1763 (the 28th year of the Qianlong reign), the main hall was demolished in 2020.

Under reconstruction.

Tuqiao Upper Mosque.

First built in 1791, rebuilt in 2024.

Tuqiao Lower Mosque.

Built in 1724 (the 2nd year of the Yongzheng reign).

Nursing home.

Dujiangyan Mosque.

First built during the Jiajing reign of the Ming Dynasty.

Dujiangyan Baoping Mosque.

Built by Hui Muslims from Xiaojin County in 1925.

Closed

Pi County Taihechang Zhangjia Mosque.

First built in 1643 (the 16th year of the Chongzhen reign).

Mimou Town Tangjia Mosque.

First built in 1728 (the 6th year of the Yongzheng reign).

Mimou Town Chengyi Mosque.

Built in 1821 (the 1st year of the Daoguang reign), only the second gate remains today.

Ruins

Xindu Hujia Mosque.

First built in 1738 (the 3rd year of the Qianlong reign).

No longer in use

Langzhong.

Langzhong Mosque.

Built in 1669 (the eighth year of the Kangxi reign).

Boshu Mosque.

First built in 1741, then renovated later.

Nanchong.

Nanchong Mosque.

First built during the Jiajing reign of the Ming Dynasty, rebuilt in 1993, and renovated in 2018.

Wusheng.

Majia Mosque in Yankou Town.

Built in 1778 (the forty-third year of the Qianlong reign) and rebuilt in 1819 (the twenty-fourth year of the Jiaqing reign).

Huangjia Mosque in Yankou Town.

Built in 1893, and a school was opened there after 1946.

Ruins

Guangyuan.

Shanghe Street Mosque.

First built in 1721, it now houses nine plaques from the Qing Dynasty and the Republican era.

Ikhwan

Xichang.

City Mosque.

Built during the Taiding reign of the Yuan Dynasty, moved to its current location on Jiyang Lane in 1574, and rebuilt into its present form in 1875; it is known as the premier mosque of Xichang.

West Mosque

First built in 1801, rebuilt in 1999, and the original column bases were preserved.

East Mosque

First built in 1578 (the sixth year of the Wanli reign of the Ming Dynasty) and rebuilt in 2001.

Miyi.

Tianba Mosque

It was first built in 1702 (the 11th year of the Kangxi reign of the Qing Dynasty) and was renovated and expanded many times during the Qianlong, Jiaqing, and Daoguang periods.

Songpan

Songpan North Mosque

It was first built in 1896 (the 22nd year of the Guangxu reign) and rebuilt in 2005.

Songpan Lower Mosque

It was first built in 1379 (the 12th year of the Hongwu reign of the Ming Dynasty) and rebuilt in 1988.

Yousuotun Mosque

It was first built in 1933 and rebuilt in 2008.

Huoshaotun Mosque

It was first built in the early years of the Republic of China and is currently being rebuilt.

Fujian

Fuzhou

Fuzhou Mosque

It was renovated in the early years of the Zhizheng reign of the Yuan Dynasty, destroyed by fire in 1541 (the 20th year of the Jiajing reign), and rebuilt in 1549 (the 28th year of the Jiajing reign).

Quanzhou

Qingjing Mosque

It was first built in 1009 and renovated by Ahmed in 1310.

Chendai Mosque

It was built in 1991.

Xiamen

Xiamen Mosque

It was first built in 1823, and the mosque now houses two stone tablets from 1902 and 1924.

Jiangxi

Jiujiang

Jiujiang Mosque

A boundary marker from the 1898 (24th year of the Guangxu reign) renovation still exists today.

Yunnan

Dali

Xiaoweigeng Mosque in Weishan

Built in the late Yuan and early Ming dynasties, it was rebuilt in 1990.

Huideng Mosque in Weishan

The front part of the main hall was rebuilt with steel and concrete in 1993, while the back part was built with wood in 1944.

Shenhe Village Mosque in Weishan

The main hall was rebuilt in 1995, and the minaret (xuanlilou) was built in 1946.

Qingmenkou Mosque in Weishan

The minaret (xuanlilou) built in 1906 is still standing today.

Xincun Mosque in Weishan

It was destroyed in 1872, rebuilt during the Guangxu reign, and the main hall was rebuilt again in 1994.

Chenjia Mosque in Weishan

It was rebuilt in 1902 and expanded in 1987.

Xishulong Mosque in Weishan

It was rebuilt in 1902 and rebuilt again in 1990.

Shangxi Lianhua Mosque in Weishan

It was destroyed in 1872 and later renovated and expanded several times.

Xiaxi Lianhua Mosque in Weishan

It was destroyed in 1872, rebuilt in 1925, and later rebuilt again.

Donglianhua Mosque in Weishan

First built during the Qing Dynasty, it was expanded twice in 1921 and 1987.

Sanjia Village Mosque in Weishan

First built in the mid-Ming Dynasty, it was rebuilt in 1997.

Yangbi Ancient Mosque

Built in 1382, it was burned and damaged during the Tongzhi reign, later turned into a Confucius Temple, and returned in 1994.

Yangbi Shangxiang Mosque

First built in 1921.

Yangbi Shangjie Xinyingpan Mosque

First built in 1859, it was destroyed by fire in 1989 and rebuilt between 1991 and 1992.

Fengming Mosque

First built during the Yuan and Ming dynasties, it was burned in 1872, rebuilt in 1922, and expanded in 2001.

Binju Mosque

First built in the mid-Qing Dynasty, it was destroyed during the Tongzhi reign and rebuilt in 1923.

Kelizhuang Mosque

Rebuilt in 1908.

Hometown of overseas Chinese in Myanmar

Sanmei Mosque

Built in 1908.

Bai Hui Muslims

Shipang Mosque

Built in 1896, with the minaret built in 1920.

Bai Hui Muslims

Kunming

Shuncheng Street Mosque

First built in 1425, rebuilt in 1880.

Yongning Mosque.

Originally built under the leadership of Sayyid Ajjal Shams al-Din, it was rebuilt in 2008 and still preserves the original mihrab.

Jinniu Street Mosque.

Rebuilt in 2019, it still preserves the original mihrab.

Chenggong Huihuiying Mosque.

After renovations, it still preserves the original mihrab.

Haikou Liren Mosque.

First built in 1645 (the second year of the Shunzhi reign of the Qing Dynasty), destroyed in 1856 (the sixth year of the Xianfeng reign), rebuilt in 1872 (the second year of the Tongzhi reign), and expanded in 1896 (the twenty-second year of the Guangxu reign) with donations led by a local heroine, Mrs. Yang San.

Xundian Tangzi Mosque.

First built during the Ming Dynasty, rebuilt between 1923 and 1927.

Xundian Beiying Street Mosque.

First built during the Chenghua reign of the Ming Dynasty, rebuilt in 1902.

Xundian Luchong Mosque.

Built between 1881 and 1900.

Honghe Prefecture.

Kaiyuan Dazhuang Mosque.

Moved and rebuilt in 1812, expanded during the Daoguang reign (1821-1850), and known as the mosque that covers the world.

Qujiang Guanyi Mosque.

Xingmeng Pavilion was first built in 1687 (the twenty-sixth year of the Kangxi reign).

Jianshui Ancient City Mosque.

First built during the Huangqing reign of the Yuan Dynasty, it is the oldest mosque in southern Yunnan. The existing main hall was rebuilt in 1730 (the eighth year of the Yongzheng reign).

Shadian Grand Mosque.

First built during the Hongzhi reign of the Ming Dynasty, then rebuilt in 2005.

Yuxi

Daying Mosque (Daying Si)

The front hall was built in 1605 (the 33rd year of the Wanli reign of the Ming Dynasty), and the main gate was rebuilt in 1914.

Eshan Dabaiyi Mosque (Eshan Dabaiyi Si)

It was destroyed by an earthquake in 1913, the main hall was rebuilt in 1915, and the call-to-prayer tower (jiaobailou) was rebuilt in 1935.

Tonghai Dahui Village Mosque (Tonghai Dahui Cun Si)

First built in the Ming Dynasty, rebuilt in 1829, and expanded in 1946.

Jahriyya

Najiaying Xinzhai Mosque (Najiaying Xinzhai Si)

Built after 1781 by Ma Xuecheng, a student of Ma Mingxin.

Jahriyya

Zhaotong

Tuogu Grand Mosque (Tuogu Dasi)

The main hall was built in 1730 and expanded in 1755.

Longtoushan Mosque (Longtoushan Si)

Built in 1746.

Ludian Chachong Mosque (Ludian Chachong Si)

Built in 1734.

Ludian Tiejiawan Mosque (Ludian Tiejiawan Si)

Built in 1731.

Baxian Grand Mosque (Baxian Dasi)

First built in 1731 and rebuilt in 1779.

Songjiashan Mosque (Songjiashan Si)

Built in 1730.

Xishuangbanna.

Manluan Hui Mosque (Manluan Hui Si).

First built between 1830 and 1840, rebuilt in 1994, and later rebuilt again.

Guangdong.

Zhaoqing.

West City Mosque (Chengxi Si).

First built in the early years of the Qianlong reign, rebuilt in 1983, with the stone pillars and stone arches of the main prayer hall from the Qing Dynasty still preserved.

East City Mosque (Chengdong Si).

Moved and rebuilt during the Kangxi reign, rebuilt in 1991, and preserves a Qing Dynasty mihrab, pillar bases, and stone tablets.

Guangzhou.

Haopan Mosque (Haopan Si).

First built during the Chenghua reign of the Ming Dynasty, rebuilt in 1706.

Huaisheng Mosque (Huaisheng Si).

First built in the Tang Dynasty, the minaret (Guangta) is from the Tang Dynasty, the Moon-Sighting Tower (Kanyue Lou) is from the Ming and Qing dynasties, and the main prayer hall is from the Republic of China era.

Xiaodongying Mosque (Xiaodongying Si).

Built in 1468 by Hui Muslim military officials, and renovated twice during the Jiaqing and Tongzhi reigns of the Qing Dynasty.

Xianxian Mosque (Xianxian Si).

The original construction date is unknown, it was rebuilt during the Kangxi reign of the Qing Dynasty, and moved and rebuilt at a new site in 2010.

Hainan.

Sanya.

Ancient Mosque (Gu Si).

First built in 1940, rebuilt in 1986.

Northwest Great Mosque (Xibei Da Si).

First built in 1940, rebuilt in 1978.

Beisi Mosque

Separated from the Northwest Mosque (Xibei Dasi) in 1981, then rebuilt.

East Mosque

Separated from the Northwest Mosque (Xibei Dasi) in 1979.

South Mosque (Nansi).

First built in 1487, rebuilt in 2016.

Nankai Mosque (Nankai Si).

Built in 1990.

Tibet.

Lhasa.

Kache Lingka Mosque (Kache Lingka Si) (Part 1).

Built in 1775, renovated in 2008.

Kashmiri descent.

Kache Lingka Mosque (Kache Lingka Si) (Part 2).

Built in 1655, renovated in 2000.

Kashmiri descent.

Lhasa Small Mosque (Lhasa Xiao Si).

First built in the 1920s, demolished and rebuilt in 1999.

Kashmiri descent.

Lhasa Great Mosque (Lhasa Da Si).

Built in 1716 (the 55th year of the Kangxi reign), rebuilt in 2001.

Hong Kong.

Shelley Street Mosque (Xieli Jie Si).

First built in 1852, rebuilt in 1915.

Jiulong Mosque

First built in 1896, rebuilt in 1980.

Aiqun Mosque

Officially completed in 1981.

Macau

Moro Garden (Moluoyuan)

Original construction date unknown, rebuilt in 1973.

South Korea

Seoul

Seoul Central Mosque

Built in 1976.

Vietnam

Ho Chi Minh City

Saigon Central Mosque

Built by South Indian Tamils in 1935.

Al Rahim Mosque

The first mosque in Saigon, built by Malay and Indonesian Muslims in 1885, later rebuilt.

Niamatul Islamiyah Mosque

Built by Indian Muslims in 1952.

Jamiul Islamiyah Mosque

Built by South Indian Tamil Muslims in 1950, rebuilt in 2004.

Jamiul Anwar Mosque

Built with aid from Malaysia in 1968.

Embankment Mosque (Di'an Si)

Built by South Indian Tamil Muslims in 1935

Indonesia

Demak

Great Mosque of Demak (Demak Dasi)

Built in 1479

Sunan Kalijaga Gongbei

Built after 1550

Kudus

Al-Aqsa Mosque (Al-Aqsa Si)

Built by the people of Kudus in 1549

Langgar Bubrah Mosque

Built by the Majapahit Kingdom in 1533, it was originally a Hindu mosque before becoming a mosque.

Ruins

Banten

Great Mosque of Banten (Banten Dasi)

Built by the Banten Sultanate in 1566, with the pagoda-style tower (bangke ta) added by Chinese builders in 1632

Solo

Great Mosque of Mataram (Mataran Dasi)

Construction began in 1575, and the main hall was rebuilt after a fire in 1926

Great Mosque of Solo (Solo Dasi)

Built in 1763, it is the Royal Mosque of Solo

Yogyakarta

Great Mosque of Yogyakarta (Yogyakarta Dasi)

Founded in 1773, the Yogyakarta Royal Mosque.

Malaysia

Penang

Aceh Street Mosque

Built by Aceh pepper merchants in 1791.

Kapitan Keling Mosque

Built by people of Indian descent in 1801.

Kuala Lumpur

Jamek Mosque

Built by the Sultan of Selangor between 1908 and 1909.

National Mosque

Built in 1965.

Kota Bharu

Kampung Laut Mosque

Estimated to have been built between the 15th and 18th centuries, it was relocated in 2020 and is known as one of the oldest mosques in Malaysia.

Muhammadi Mosque

Built by the Sultan of Kelantan in 1867, it was changed from a wooden structure to a concrete one in 1922.

Klang

Alaeddin Mosque

Built in 1905 by order of the Sultan of Selangor.

Sultan Sulaiman Royal Mosque

A gift from the British to the Sultan of Selangor, built between 1932 and 1933.

Johor Bahru

Sultan Abu Bakar Mosque

Built by the Sultan of Johor in 1892 and officially completed in 1900.

Kampung Mahmoodiah Mosque.

First built in 1926.

Pasir Pelangi Royal Mosque.

First built in 1911.

Muar.

Sultan Ibrahim Mosque.

Construction started in 1887, reconstruction began in 1925, and it was officially completed in 1930.

Ipoh.

Indian Mosque.

Built between 1905 and 1908 by a wealthy Tamil merchant from South India.

Pakistan Mosque.

Built in 1930 by North Indians working as police officers in Ipoh.

Panglima Kinta Mosque.

Built in 1898 by the Malay chief who ruled Ipoh at the time.

Muhammadiah Mosque.

Started in 1973, it was rebuilt between 2011 and 2013 by the Ipoh branch of the Malaysian Chinese Muslim Association and is the first mosque in Malaysia with a purely Chinese architectural style.

Perak.

Ubudiah Mosque.

Built by the Sultan of Perak between 1913 and 1917.

Jamek Mosque.

Rebuilt into its current structure in 1900.

Malacca.

Kampung Hulu Mosque.

Built in 1728 by a Chinese Muslim leader (datuk), this is the oldest existing mosque in Malacca.

Tranquerah Mosque (Dongjiena Si).

Built by Indian merchants in 1728, abandoned in 1782, with only the watchtower (bangkelou) remaining.

Tranquerah Mosque (Dongjiena Si).

Built in 1782.

Kampung Kling Mosque (Kampung Jining Si).

Originally built by Indian merchants in 1748 and renovated in 1872.

Bukit Cina Mosque (Sanbaoshan Si).

Originally built in 1865.

Pengkalan Rama Mosque (Pengkalan Rama Si).

Originally built in the 1730s and renovated in 1917.

Duyong Mosque (Lurong Huijiaotang).

Built in 1850.

Serkam Pantai Mosque (Shiganbantai Huijiaotang).

Originally built in 1853.

Peringgit Mosque (Bailingyu Huijiaotang).

Originally built in 1726, but later destroyed and rebuilt in 1868.

Kuching.

Old Indian Mosque (Jiu Yindu Si).

Originally built by South Indian Tamil merchants in 1837 and rebuilt in 1876.

Closed

New Indian Mosque (Xin Yindu Si).

Completed in 2019.

Kuching Mosque (Kuching Si).

First built in 1847, rebuilt in 1968.

Sarawak State Mosque.

Built in 1990, renovated in 2024.

Kota Kinabalu.

Kota Kinabalu City Mosque.

Officially opened in 2000.

Singapore.

Al-Abrar Mosque.

Built in 1827 by Tamil Muslims from the Coromandel Coast of southeastern India, and renovated into its current appearance between 1986 and 1989.

Jamae Mosque.

A Friday mosque built in 1826 by Tamil Muslims from the Coromandel Coast of southeastern India, rebuilt into its current appearance between 1830 and 1835.

Abdul Gafoor Mosque.

First built in 1859, and rebuilt into its current structure in 1907 by South Indian Tamil Muslims.

Angullia Mosque.

Established in 1892 by Gujarati Muslims from western India, featuring an existing gatehouse.

Hajjah Fatimah Mosque.

Built between 1915 and 1920 by Indian Muslims.

Sultan Mosque.

Built by the Sultan of Johor between 1824 and 1826, and rebuilt between 1924 and 1928.

Hajjah Fatimah Mosque.

Built with funds donated by a Malay noblewoman in 1845-1846, and rebuilt in the 1930s.

Haji Muhammad Salleh Mosque.

Built in 1903 by merchants from Jakarta, Indonesia.

Malabar Mosque.

Established in 1929 by people from Malabar in southwestern India, and rebuilt in 1995.

Al-Burhani Mosque.

Built in 1895 by the Dawoodi Bohra sect from Gujarat, India, and rebuilt in 1997.

Shia sect.

Brunei.

Bandar Seri Begawan.

Water Mosque.

Built between 1954 and 1958.

Jumu'ah Mosque.

Officially opened in 1994.

International Airport Mosque.

Located at the airport.

Balai Ibadat Kampong Peramu.

Located in the Water Village.

Balai Ibadat Kampong Saba.

Located in the Water Village.

Thailand.

Bangkok.

Safee Mosque.

Built in 1856 by Dawoodi Bohra merchants from Gujarat, India.

Shia sect.

Goowatil Islam Mosque.

Built in the mid-19th century by Indian merchants from Gujarat and Malay goldsmiths from Pattani Province in southern Thailand.

Ton Son Mosque.

Built by the Cham army in 1688, this is the first mosque in Bangkok. It was rebuilt in 1952 and still keeps its original mihrab.

Bang Luang Mosque

Built by the Cham people in 1785, this is the only mosque in the Thai style.

Haroon Mosque

Built by an Arab-Indonesian merchant in 1828 and rebuilt in 1934, it now preserves 19th-century wood carvings.

Java Mosque

Built by Javanese gardeners in 1906, it was expanded twice in 1927 and 1975.

Kocha Itsahak Mosque

Built by a Malay royal translator in the late 19th century.

Phadungtham Islam Mosque

Built by people of Persian descent in 1938 and rebuilt in 1979.

Shia

Dilfulla Mosque

Built in the early 19th century by merchants from Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India.

Shia

Islamic Center Foundation Mosque

Built by a young Bengali Muslim architect in 1970.

Chiang Mai

Chiang Mai Chang Khlan Mosque

Built by people of South Asian and Malay descent.

Chiang Mai Wang He Mosque

First built by Hui Muslims from Yunnan in 1917, then rebuilt in 1966.

Chiang Mai Jingzhen Mosque

Built by Hui Muslims from Yunnan in 1970.

Nurul Mosque in Chiang Mai

Built by people of South Asian descent, many from Bangladesh

Wanyang Meide Mosque

Built after 1951 by Hui Muslims from the Yunnanese soldiers of the Thai-Burma border army

Hefei Jiqing Mosque

Built after 1951 by Hui Muslims from the Yunnanese soldiers of the Thai-Burma border army

Fang District Chengxin Mosque

Established by Hui Muslims from Yunnan in 1975

Daduan Ciai Mosque

Built by Hui Muslims from Yunnan

Chiang Rai

Mae Salong Mosque

Built in the 1960s by Hui Muslims from the Yunnanese soldiers of the Thai-Burma border army

Mae Sai Yunnan Mosque

Built by Hui Muslims from Yunnan in 1952 and rebuilt in 1975

Mae Sai South Asian Mosque

Built by people of South Asian descent

Fatima Pakuk Mosque in Chiang Rai

Built by people of South Asian descent

Nurul Islam Pakistan Mosque in Chiang Rai

Built by people of Pakistani descent

Masjid Al-Munauwara in Chiang Rai

Built by people of South Asian descent

Chiang Rai Yunnan Mosque

Built by Hui Muslims from Yunnan in 1910 and rebuilt in 2009.

Uzbekistan

Bukhara

Kalan Mosque

Originally built by the Karakhanid Khanate in 1121, it was destroyed by the Mongol army in 1220, leaving only the minaret. Rebuilt by the Khanate of Bukhara in 1515, it became the main Friday mosque for the Khanate.

Khoja Zaynuddin Mosque

Built in the first half of the 16th century.

Naqshbandi Mosque

Built during the 16th century under the Khanate of Bukhara.

Chor-Bakr Necropolis Mosque

Built in 1560 during the Khanate of Bukhara.

Khoja-Gaukushan Mosque

Built in 1598, its minaret is second in height only to the Kalan Mosque.

Fayzabad Mosque

Construction began in 1598, and it served as a Sufi lodge before the Soviet era.

Magok-i-Kurpa Mosque

Built in 1637.

Magok-i-Attari Mosque

First built in the 9th to 10th centuries, it is one of the oldest surviving mosques in Central Asia and was rebuilt during the Karakhanid dynasty in the 12th century.

Currently a museum.

Namazgahi Mosque

Built by the Eastern Karakhanid dynasty between 1119 and 1120.

Ruins

Juma Mosque at the Ark Fortress

Built by the Khanate of Bukhara in the late 17th century

Bolo Hauz Mosque

Built in 1712, it is the last major mosque of the Khanate of Bukhara

Samarkand

Bibi-Khanym Mosque

Started by Timur in 1399, it was the grandest building in Central Asia in the 15th century

Shahrisabz

Kok Gumbaz Mosque

Built by the Timurid Empire in 1435

Malik Ajdar Mosque

A typical 19th-century mosque

Kazakhstan

Almaty

Dungan Mosque

Built by Hui Muslims from Shaanxi

Azerbaijan

Baku

Palace Mosque

Started in 1442, it is the mosque of the Palace of the Shirvanshahs

Shia sect.

Muhammad Mosque

Built between 1078 and 1079, it is the oldest mosque in Azerbaijan

Shia sect.

Takyeh Mosque

Built in the 13th century

Sufi mosque

Khidir Mosque

Built in 1301

Shia sect.

Mirza Ahmad Mosque

Built in 1345

No longer in use

Chin Mosque

Built between 1375 and 1376

Shia sect.

Molla Ahmad Mosque

Early 14th century

Shia sect.

Sheikh Ibrahim Mosque

Built between 1415 and 1416

Shia sect.

Jumu'ah Mosque.

The main hall was rebuilt in 1899 and includes European styles

Shia sect.

Sayyid Yahya Murtuza Mosque

Built in the early 17th century

Shia sect.

Haji Bani Mosque

Built in the 16th century

Shia sect.

Baba Kuhi Bakuvi Mosque

Estimated to be built in the 9th to 10th century, excavated between 1990 and 1993

Ruins

Haji Heybat Mosque

Built in 1791

Shia sect.

Məktəb Mosque

Built between 1646 and 1647

Shia sect.

Turkey

Konya

Iplikci Mosque

Construction started in 1201, later renovated many times

Alaeddin Mosque

Construction started in the late 11th century, it was the official mosque of the Sultanate of Rum

Sahib Ata Mosque

Built in the late 13th century

Selimiye Mosque

Completed in 1570, a typical Ottoman mosque

Bursa

Orhan Mosque

Built in 1339, this is the first mosque in Bursa.

Grand Mosque (Ulu Cami) of Bursa.

Built between 1396 and 1399, it is a representative work of the early Ottoman period.

Hüdavendigar Mosque.

Built between 1363 and 1366.

Thunderbolt Mosque (Yıldırım Camii).

Built between 1390 and 1395, it is made entirely of stone.

Green Mosque (Yeşil Camii).

Built between 1414 and 1419.

Muradiye Mosque.

Built between 1425 and 1426.

Edirne.

Ancient Mosque (Gu Si).

Built in 1413, this is the first mosque in Edirne.

Muradiye Mosque.

Built in 1436, it was originally a Sufi lodge before becoming a mosque.

Three Balcony Mosque (Üç Şerefeli Camii).

Construction began in 1438; it is the first Ottoman mosque with a central dome and a portico.

Kasim Pasha Mosque.

Built in 1479, it was abandoned due to the construction of a dam.

Ruins

Sultan Bayezid II Mosque.

Built between the late 15th and early 16th centuries.

Selimiye Mosque

Built between 1567 and 1575, it is considered a peak achievement in Ottoman architecture.

Istanbul

Atik Ali Pasha Mosque

Built in 1496.

Yavuz Sultan Selim Mosque

Built from 1520 to 1527, it is an Ottoman imperial mosque.

Mihrimah Sultan Mosque

Built from 1543 to 1548, it is the first semi-domed mosque by Mimar Sinan.

Sehzade Mosque

Built between 1543 and 1548, it is Mimar Sinan's most important early work.

Hadim Ibrahim Pasha Mosque

Built in 1551.

Sinan Pasha Mosque

Completed in 1555, it is known as a smaller version of the Three Balcony Mosque (Uc Serefeli Cami).

Suleymaniye Mosque

Built from 1550 to 1557, it had the highest dome in the Ottoman Empire at that time.

Sokollu Mehmed Pasha Mosque

Built from 1567 to 1572.

Mihrimah Sultan Mosque

Built from 1563 to 1570.

Kara Ahmed Pasha Mosque

Finally completed in 1572.

Mimar Sinan Mosque

Built in 1573, it was destroyed by fire in 1918, but the minaret remains.

Sokollu Mehmed Pasha Mosque

Built in 1578

Kılıç Ali Pasha Mosque

Built between 1578 and 1580

Şemsi Pasha Mosque

Built in 1581, it is very small

Molla Çelebi Mosque

Built between 1570 and 1584, it features a perfect hexagonal design

Valide Sultan Mosque

Completed in 1586

Nişancı Mehmed Pasha Mosque

Built between 1584 and 1589

Zal Mahmut Pasha Mosque

Built between 1577 and 1590, it was an original experiment from Mimar Sinan's later years

Harem Mosque

Used by the concubines of the Topkapi Palace Harem

Ağalar Mosque

The main mosque of Topkapi Palace, first built in the 15th century

Sofa Mosque

Located at the back of Topkapi Palace, built in the early 19th century

Eyüp Sultan Mosque

First built in 1458 and rebuilt in 1798, it is a holy religious site in Istanbul

Rüstem Pasha Mosque

Built between 1561 and 1563, it is known as Mimar Sinan's most beautiful mosque

Elhac Timurtaş Mosque

Built in the 1460s, it is one of the oldest mosques in Istanbul and has been rebuilt many times throughout history.

Bayezid II Mosque

Built between 1501 and 1506, it is the oldest surviving imperial mosque in Istanbul.

Mahmut Pasha Mosque

Built in 1464, it is one of the earliest mosques constructed within the city of Istanbul.

Hagia Sophia Mosque

Completed in 537, two minarets (bangke ta) were added in the mid-16th century. In the late 16th century, Mimar Sinan added 24 buttresses for support and built two more minarets.

Dolmabahçe Mosque

Built between 1853 and 1855, it is a representative work of 19th-century Ottoman eclecticism.

Mardin

Great Mosque

The earliest parts date back to the 10th century, and the minaret was built in 1176.

Abdullatif Mosque

Built in 1371, it is known as the final classic work of the Artuqid dynasty.

Seyh Cabuk Mosque

It is believed to have been built during the 15th-century Kara Koyunlu period and was rebuilt in the 19th century.

Sehidiye Mosque

Originally built in 1214 during the Artuqid dynasty.

Dinari Pamuk Mosque

Originally built in the 11th century and rebuilt in 1332 during the Artuqid dynasty.

Melik Mahmut Mosque

Built in 1362.

Diyarbakir

Great Mosque

It was first built in the 7th century, and the current structure was built by the Seljuk Empire in 1092.

Nebi Mosque

It was first built during the 15th-century Aq Qoyunlu dynasty.

Hazreti Süleyman Mosque

It was first built by the Inalid dynasty in 1160, and expanded in the 16th century by order of Suleiman the Magnificent of the Ottoman Empire.

Nasuh Pasha Mosque

It was built in the early 17th century.

Kurşunlu Mosque

It was built between 1516 and 1520 and is also the first Ottoman mosque in Diyarbakir.

Kadı Mosque

It was built in 1533.

Sheikh Matar Mosque

It was built in 1500 during the late Aq Qoyunlu dynasty.

Behram Pasha Mosque

It was built between 1564 and 1572.

Iskender Pasha Mosque

It was first built in 1551 or 1554 and completed in 1557.

Ömer Şeddat Mosque

It was built in the mid-12th century during the Inalid dynasty.

Bosnia and Herzegovina

Sarajevo

Gazi Husrev Bey Mosque

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