Reposted from the web

Summary: China Mosque Travel Guide: Hui Muslim Plaques, Couplets and Islamic Calligraphy (101-150) is presented here as a firsthand travel account in clear English, beginning with this scene: Tian Rui was a Hui Muslim from Taiyuan, Shanxi. He was the son of Tian Yongtong, a military jinshi scholar from the 28th year of the Qianlong reign. The account keeps its focus on Forbidden City, Islamic Art, Persian Culture while preserving the names, places, food, and historical details from the Chinese source.

101. 'Think No Evil' (siwuxie) plaque at Hexia Mosque in Huai'an.

An auspicious day in the first month of autumn, the 10th year of the Daoguang reign.

Inscribed by Tian Rui, Prefect of Huai'an.

Tian Rui was a Hui Muslim from Taiyuan, Shanxi. He was the son of Tian Yongtong, a military jinshi scholar from the 28th year of the Qianlong reign. He served as Prefect of Huai'an and Yangzhou and wrote a poetry collection called 'Yigai Pavilion Poetry Drafts' (Yigaiting Shichao).



102. Plaque in Arabic, Persian, and Xiao'erjing script at Yancheng Mosque.

Completed on an auspicious day in the eighth lunar month, the 17th year of the Republic of China.

Respectfully erected by Abdullah Yang Lüji.



103. 'Mosque' (Qingzhensi) plaque at Gaoyou Mosque.

Respectfully inscribed by Jingxiu, Magistrate of the Zhili Department of Gaoyou.

Rebuilt in the middle of winter, the 2nd year of the Tongzhi reign of the Qing Dynasty.



104. 'Utmost Sincerity Never Ceases' (zhichengwuxi) plaque at Xianhe Mosque in Yangzhou.

An auspicious day in the middle of summer, the Wuyin year, the 4th year of the Guangxu reign of the Great Qing Dynasty.

Respectfully erected by Zhu Huaisen, a nominated provincial commander-in-chief and regional commander of the Huai-Yang garrison, who held the title of Shangyong Baturu.



105. 'The Holy Religion is Entirely True' (shengjiaoquanzhen) plaque at Xianhe Mosque in Yangzhou.

An auspicious day in the spring month, the Dingchou year, the 3rd year of the Guangxu reign.

Inscribed by Zhu Huaijun, a guerrilla commander of the Qianshan Battalion in Anhui, who held the rank of provincial commander-in-chief and was in charge of the New Army of the Liangjiang Governor-General.



106. Xianhe Mosque in Yangzhou: 'Obey the decree of heaven and follow the holy word'

Early summer, the year of Xinhai in the Qianlong reign

Respectfully erected by the Sanwei Hall of the Muslim community



107. Xianhe Mosque in Yangzhou: 'Heaven is close at hand'

The tenth month of the Dingyou year (the 42nd year of the Qianlong reign of the Qing Dynasty)

Calligraphy by Yang Enpei



108. Jingjue Mosque in Nanjing: 'Only pure, only one'

An auspicious day in the first month of summer, the Gengyin year, the 16th year of the Guangxu reign of the Great Qing Dynasty

Commander of the Jiujiang Garrison in Jiangxi



109. Jingjue Mosque in Nanjing: 'Rectify the heart and be sincere'

June, the 11th year of the Republic of China

Respectfully erected by the president and members of the Nanjing Islamic Association



110. Nanmen Mosque in Liuhe, Nanjing

Cherish purity and walk in cleanliness as if in the afterlife

Return to the truth and simplicity just like this

An auspicious day in the tenth lunar month, the 10th year of the Republic of China

Wang Jianli of Gengdu Hall



111. Mosque (qingzhensi) at Zhuzhen Mosque in Nanjing

Erected in the seventh lunar month of the Xinchou year of the Guangxu reign

Built by Zhu Dun



112. "Pivot of My Way" at the tomb of Liu Zhi in Nanjing

Mid-summer of the Xinchou year (27th year of the Guangxu reign)

Written by Jin Pengshou of Jiangning



113. "A Model for Posterity" at the tomb of Liu Zhi in Nanjing

Reprinted by the public in the Dingwei year (33rd year of the Guangxu reign)

Respectfully written by Liu Dekun of Jingjue Mosque



114. Arabic plaque at the ancient mosque in Songjiang, Shanghai

Restored by Zhang Yunsheng in the Xinwei year

Rebuilt Qingshen Mosque

An auspicious day in the fifth lunar month of the Yiwei year of the Jiajing reign of the Great Ming Dynasty

The stele was erected in the Yiwei year of the Ming Jiajing reign (1535). The restoration by Zhang Yunsheng took place in a Xinwei year. It is confirmed that there is no 'Xinwei' year in the Jiajing era. Therefore, the renovation of the mosque likely took place in the sixth year of the Zhengde era (1511).

The inscription refers to the mosque as 'Qingshen Mosque,' which is a unique occurrence.



115. Ancient Mosque in Songjiang, Shanghai

Purity brings clarity, focus on pure cultivation to show a pure heart, and directly explore the origin of pure majesty.

Truth is without falsehood, nurture a true nature and cultivate true learning, only by returning to the root can one find true sincerity.

An auspicious day in the eighth lunar month of the Jia-Chen year, the 24th year of the Daoguang era.

Renovated in the ninth lunar month of the Ding-Mao year, the sixth year of the Tongzhi era, by Li Lügan, a follower of the faith from Jinchang, and his son Yaokui.

Inscribed by Ma Fujing, a presented scholar (jinshi), imperial guard, acting commander of the left battalion of the Jiangnan military, and garrison commander of the Ninghou battalion.





116. 'Ancient Faith from the Beginning' at the Ancient Mosque in Songjiang, Shanghai

Ding-Mao year.

Calligraphy by Ma Songting.

Ma Songting (1895–1992) is known alongside Wang Jingzhai, Ha Decheng, and Da Pusheng as one of the four great modern imams of China.



117. Mosque in Lishui, Zhejiang

Sincere and respectful, the Way is rooted in the middle, encompassing all things.

Silent and scentless, the ritual originates from the two energies that permeate the three realms.

An auspicious day in the autumn of the Bingxu year, the 12th year of the Guangxu reign.

Erected by Ma Huanzhang, the imam (zhangjiao) from Western Sichuan.



118. The Yongzheng Imperial Edict at the Lishui Mosque in Zhejiang.

An auspicious day in the middle of the second month of autumn in the Bingxu year, the 12th year of the Guangxu reign of the Great Qing.

Respectfully supervised and erected by the mosque's imam, Ma Huanzhang.



119. Donation plaque at the Lishui Mosque in Zhejiang.

Auspiciously erected in the seventh month of the Xinhai year, the third year of the Xuantong reign.



120. The 'Ten Thousand Differences, One Origin' plaque at the Qingjing Mosque in Quanzhou.

The first month of the Wuyin year, the 23rd year of the Jiaqing reign of the Qing dynasty.

The Land Forces Command of Fujian Province.

Respectfully erected by Ma Jianji, the Zhangzhou Garrison Commander.

Ma Jianji was a Hui Muslim from Sichuan. While serving in Fujian during the Jiaqing reign, he renovated the Qingjing Mosque and the Lingshan Sacred Tomb, and carved an inscription on the Wind-Moving Rock at Lingshan.



121. The 'Recognize the Oneness of Allah' plaque at the Qingjing Mosque in Quanzhou.

Respectfully presented in the eighth month of the 11th year of the Republic of China.

Written by Tang Kesan, Superintendent of the Xiamen Customs, after ritual washing.



122. The 'Three Fears and Four Admonitions' plaque at the Qingjing Mosque in Quanzhou.

An auspicious day in the latter part of the sixth month of the thirteenth year of the Republic of China.

Second-class Golden Grain Medal recipient, Intendant of the Jinan Circuit in Shandong, and former Superintendent of the Xiamen Customs, Tang Kesan respectfully wrote this.

The original plaque was destroyed between the 1960s and 1970s; this is a replica.



123. Fuzhou Mosque, 'Promoting the Holy Teachings'.

An auspicious day in the tenth month of the tenth year of the Republic of China.

Respectfully erected by Tang Kesan, Superintendent of Xiamen Customs.

After Tang Kesan became the Superintendent of Xiamen Customs in 1919, he worked hard to revive the faith in Fujian. He donated significant funds to the Fuzhou Mosque, Xiamen Mosque, and Quanzhou Qingjing Mosque. He also encouraged the descendants of local Fujian scripture readers to return to the faith and serve in the mosques.



124. Zhaoqing West Mosque, 'Always Remember the Lord's Grace'.

An auspicious day in mid-summer of the Wuxu year of the Daoguang reign.

Respectfully carved by Li Xianyang, acting Lieutenant Colonel of the Guangdong and Guangxi Governor's Front Battalion.



125. Zhaoqing West Mosque.

Why look for visible signs when in the five daily prayers, one feels as if Allah is truly present?

Do not say the traditions are distant, for within the thirty volumes of the Quran, the true teachings are found.

An auspicious day in the lucky month of the Jiaxu year of the Jiaqing reign.

Respectfully written by Vice Commander Liu Hu after washing his hands.



126. Zhaoqing East Mosque, 'The Only One'.

An auspicious day in the first month of autumn in the Yiwei year of the Qianlong reign.



127. Huaisheng Mosque in Guangzhou: 'The Emperor's Grace Lasts Forever'.

An auspicious day in the second month of the Wuyin year of the Kangxi reign.

Respectfully written by Gai Rixin, an imperial guard appointed by the Emperor, who was granted the status of Jinshi and promoted by one rank.



128. Huaisheng Mosque in Guangzhou: 'Rectify the Heart and Be Sincere'.

An auspicious day in the second month of the Wuyin year of the Kangxi reign.

Respectfully written by Tie Fanjin, a Jinshi degree holder and bachelor of the Hanlin Academy.



129. Huaisheng Mosque in Guangzhou: 'Great Mercy for the Whole World'.

An auspicious day in the second month of spring in the Wuyin year of the Kangxi reign.

Erected by Yang Guolin, a director of the Guangdong Department of the Ministry of Revenue, who was promoted by three ranks.



130. Huaisheng Mosque in Guangzhou: 'Utmost Sincerity Never Ceases'.

An auspicious day in the first month of autumn in the Xinchou year, the 60th year of the Kangxi reign of the Great Qing Dynasty.

Respectfully erected by Yan Guangwu, a deputy commander in charge of the Guangdong Chunjiang, Kaiping, Nafu, and Enping regions, who was awarded one merit record.



131. Huaisheng Mosque in Guangzhou: 'Follow the Past and Inspire the Future'.

Erected on an auspicious day in the first month of summer in the Jiaxu year, the 19th year of the Qianlong reign.

Respectfully inscribed by Li Xianxiang, an imperial guard and commander-in-chief of the Guizhou military, who served as the acting deputy commander of the Pingyuan garrison.



132. Huaisheng Mosque in Guangzhou: "Sharing in Allah's Blessings"

An auspicious day in the first month of winter, 26th year of the Daoguang reign.

Erected by the committee members together.



133. Huaisheng Mosque in Guangzhou: "Abundant Blessings from the Lord"

An auspicious day in the second month of spring, 6th year of the Tongzhi reign, year of Dingmao.

Erected by Bao Yingxiong, acting Guangzhou Brigade Commander, holding the rank of Assistant Brigade Commander and awarded the peacock feather.



134. Huaisheng Mosque in Guangzhou: "Grace Shines Upon All"

An auspicious day in the second month of winter, 26th year of the Guangxu reign, year of Gengzi.

Erected by Yang Shu, acting Guangdong Circuit Intendant for Gaozhou and Lianzhou, holding a second-rank button and awarded the peacock feather, and Yang Xun, a defense officer of the Plain Red Banner Han Army, holding a fourth-rank button and awarded the peacock feather.



135. Huaisheng Mosque in Guangzhou: "Merciful Clouds and Nourishing Rain"

An auspicious day in the middle of the first month of summer, 31st year of the Guangxu reign, year of Yisi.

Respectfully dedicated to celebrate the joy of Imam Ma.

Offered by the officials, gentry, elders, and committee members of the Lighthouse Mosque (Guangta Si).

Calligraphy by Yang Zeng.



136. Huaisheng Mosque in Guangzhou: "Carrying Forward the Past and Opening Up the Future"

National Day, 35th year of the Republic of China.

Erected respectfully by the first committee members and all the followers of the faith.



137. The 'Holy Path to the South' plaque at Huaisheng Mosque in Guangzhou.

Erected on an auspicious day in the winter of the 20th year of the Republic of China.

The venerable Sahaba Waqqas followed the Prophet's command to spread the faith in China. He left his mark in Guangzhou and built a tower that has stood for over a thousand years. All of us Muslims follow the ancient traditions and uphold the great principles of the Quran. We truly carry this path in the south and will never forget it for as long as we live.

Respectfully inscribed by Yang Mengling of Panyu, along with his sons Youfang, Guifang, Qunfang, Shifang, Yinfang, Lianfang, Qifang, and his grandsons Bingyi, Bingchang, Bingren, Bingshu, Bingquan, Bingtao, and Bingjun.



138. The 'Boundless Grace Bestowed' plaque at Huaisheng Mosque in Guangzhou.

An auspicious day in the first month of winter in the Dingwei year of the Guangxu reign.

Respectfully erected by follower Yuan Hongmo, his younger brother Hongquan, and his son Changzhen.



139. Arabic plaque at the Ancient Tomb of the Worthies in Guangzhou.

The second month of autumn in the first year of the Xuantong reign.

The members of the Tongxie Hall at Huaisheng Mosque.



140. Arabic plaque at the Ancient Tomb of the Worthies in Guangzhou.

An auspicious day in the first month of winter in the Gengxu year of the second year of the Xuantong reign.

Erected together by the members of the Guangta Heyi Hall.



141. 'Guard Our Pure Truth' plaque at the Ancient Tomb of the Worthies in Guangzhou.

An auspicious day in June, the fourth year of the Republic of China.

Since our ancestors from the West (Wanheshi) arrived in the East over a thousand years ago, we have followed our religious rules and never dared to break them. Recently, some young people have misunderstood the idea of freedom of belief, and their marriages and diets have started to ignore our religious rules. I fear that people's hearts are worsening and our holy faith is fading away. I have carefully chosen these four characters to write on the plaque as a reminder to our community. I hope everyone carefully follows the teachings of the scriptures and respects the examples set by our ancestors. If we do this, we will not be sinners against our people, and our faith will be fortunate.

Respectfully inscribed by Cai Chunheng from Wanbei, Major General of the Army, Director of the Guangdong Water Police Department, and recipient of the Third Class Order of the Golden Grain.



142. The plaque 'Zhengjue Xizong' at the Ancient Tomb of the Worthies in Guangzhou.

An auspicious day in the first month of summer, the tenth year of the Jiaqing reign (Yichou year).

Erected by Xu Wenmo, a hereditary brave official with the title of Admiral, Jiyong Baturu, and Commander of the land and water forces in the Gao, Lian, and Luo regions of Guangdong, who has received military honors twenty-two times.



143. The plaque 'Chanyang Shilai' at the Ancient Tomb of the Worthies in Guangzhou.

An auspicious day in March, the second year of the Republic of China.

Respectfully erected by Ma Bonian and others.

Respectfully written by Ma Yongkuan.



144. The plaque 'Kaitian Gujiao' at the Ancient Tomb of the Worthies in Guangzhou.

The first ten days of the second month of spring, the Jiazi year of the Republic of China.

Respectfully erected by the humble members of the faith.



145. The Ancient Tomb of the Worthies in Guangzhou, with the inscription 'The Law Extends to the Origin of Wonders' (Fa Chui Yuan Miao).

The sixth lunar month of the Xinsi year in the Guangxu reign.

Respectfully erected by Sha Jing of Qingyu Hall.



146. The Ancient Tomb of the Worthies in Guangzhou.

He was the first to spread the scriptures, a sign of returning to the truth, encompassing the profound meanings of the 140 ancient volumes.

He personally received the teachings to transform and educate, with great achievements and noble virtues, following in the footsteps of the 124,000 past saints.

Respectfully inscribed by Zhang Cheng, the Imperial-appointed Commander-in-Chief of the Youjiang Town in Guangxi, after ritual purification.

An auspicious day in the second month of spring in the Jisi year of the Jiaqing reign.





148. The Ancient Tomb of the Worthies in Guangzhou, with the inscription 'Looking Up to High Virtue' (Gao Feng Yang Zhi).

Respectfully erected on the Winter Solstice of the first year of the Yongzheng reign.



148. The Ancient Tomb of the Worthies in Guangzhou.

He spread the holy teachings in the southern lands, passed down through generations, strictly following the 30 volumes of sacred instructions.

He established a virtuous reputation in eastern Guangdong, standing tall and independent, admired by all for thousands of years as a model.

Built in the summer of the Jiawu year of the Guangxu reign.

Respectfully inscribed by Cai Jinzhang, the Imperial-granted Commander-in-Chief of the Guangdong Land Forces, titled Kengsenge Batulu.

149. The Ancient Tomb of the Worthies in Guangzhou, with the inscription 'Looking Afar to the Long Journey' (Chang Zhan Yuan Xing).

An auspicious day in the first month of autumn, in the Yiwei year of the Guangxu reign.

Respectfully erected by Xu Yingzhong, head of the Huaisheng Mosque, together with Ma Shikui of the Diegan Hall and others.



150. Ancient Tombs of the Worthies in Guangzhou.

Receiving the holy teachings in the West, the spiritual lineage has been passed down for fifty generations.

Upholding the heavenly scriptures in the East, the tradition remains for thousands of years.

An auspicious day in the second month of spring, in the Bingyin year, the eleventh year of the Jiaqing reign.

Respectfully written and composed by Hu Changqing from Guilin, a presented scholar (jinshi) by imperial decree, former bachelor of the Hanlin Academy, and official of the first rank.



Appreciating plaques and couplets from the faith (1-50 pieces).

Appreciating mosque plaques and couplets (51-100 pieces) view all

Reposted from the web

Summary: China Mosque Travel Guide: Hui Muslim Plaques, Couplets and Islamic Calligraphy (51-100) is presented here as a firsthand travel account in clear English, beginning with this scene: Tian Yongtong was a Hui Muslim general from Taiyuan, Shanxi. He became a military Jinshi scholar in the 28th year of the Qianlong reign and rose to the rank of Commander-in-Chief of Jiangnan. The account keeps its focus on Mosque Travel, Islamic Heritage, Muslim Travel while preserving the names, places, food, and historical details from the Chinese source.

51. The plaque 'Principles Rooted in Confucianism' (Li Guan Ru Zong) at Taiyuan Mosque.

Erected on a lucky day in the tenth month of the Yichou year, the tenth year of the Jiaqing reign.

Respectfully written by Tian Yongtong, a palace guard who earned the title of Jinshi scholar and served as the Brigade General of Nanyang, Henan.

Renovated by his great-great-grandson Zhenjing in the 31st year of the Republic of China.

Tian Yongtong was a Hui Muslim general from Taiyuan, Shanxi. He became a military Jinshi scholar in the 28th year of the Qianlong reign and rose to the rank of Commander-in-Chief of Jiangnan.



52. The plaque 'Extremely Brilliant' (Ji Gao Ming) at Taiyuan Mosque.

Respectfully presented by Zhang Jinglie from Yunnan, a palace guard and assistant regional commander in charge of the eastern route of Shanxi and the southern defense of Taiyuan city.

A lucky day in the ninth month of the Xinmao year, the 36th year of the Qianlong reign of the Great Qing Dynasty.



53. The plaque 'The Way is Known in Greatness' (Dao Jian Zhi Hong) at Taiyuan Mosque.

Reprinted by Chongde Lu in the eighth month of the seventh year of the Tongzhi reign.

Shao Yong.

Shao Yong was a philosopher and expert on the I Ching during the Northern Song Dynasty.



54. The plaque 'Only Virtue is Supported' (Wei De Shi Fu) at Taiyuan Mosque.

Respectfully erected by Duo Ding, a Juren scholar from the Dingmao year of the Qianlong reign and an instructor in Wanquan County.

Renovated by his clansman Chi in the eleventh month of the Dingwei year of the Daoguang reign.



55. The plaque 'The Teaching Exalts the True One' (Jiao Long Zhen Yi) at Taiyuan Mosque.

Respectfully inscribed by Ha Panfeng, Imperial Guard, Commander-in-Chief of Datong, Shanxi, appointed by imperial decree, with three recorded merits.

An auspicious day in the sixth lunar month of the 46th year of the Qianlong reign of the Great Qing Dynasty (1781).

Ha Panfeng was from Suning County, Hebei, and became a military jinshi scholar in the 16th year of the Qianlong reign.



56. Taiyuan Mosque: "Heaven's Mirror is Here"

Erected by Tian Qiao, a successful candidate in the imperial examinations during the Wanshou Guisi year.

An auspicious day in the early tenth lunar month of the Jihai year of the Kangxi reign.



57. Taiyuan Mosque: "The Most Holy, Past and Present"

An auspicious day in the fifth lunar month of the Renchen year of the Daoguang reign.

Erected by Tian Shifa, a candidate for the position of Zhili Prefecture assistant magistrate.



58. Taiyuan Mosque: "Return to the Truth"

Erected by Tian Zongzhou, a jinshi scholar, serving as a captain in the Right Battalion of the Henan-Hebei Garrison and acting commander of the Left Battalion.

An auspicious day in the third month of autumn in the Xinyou year, the 6th year of the Jiaqing reign of the Great Qing Dynasty (1801).

59. Taiyuan Mosque: "Tranquility"

Li Guifang, Imperial Guard and Commander-in-Chief of Gaozhou, Guangdong, with a rank increase of three levels.

His son, a successful candidate in the Xinwei year imperial examinations and a lieutenant at Shahe Camp.

His grandson, Panlin, a military graduate of the Renzi year and a lieutenant at Lengquan Pass, waiting for promotion to major.

Imperial-bestowed Zhaowu General, hereditary Cloud Cavalry Lieutenant, and additional Grace Cavalry Lieutenant Pan Long.

Wuwu-year military graduate, commander of Zhuhu Fort, and expectant garrison commander Pan Feng.

A lucky day in the ninth lunar month of the Bingwu year of the Daoguang reign.

Respectfully erected by his great-grandson, a local government student (yixiangsheng) named He Ming.



60. Taiyuan Mosque: 'All things return to the truth'.

Erected in the eighth lunar month of the second year of the Guangxu reign of the Great Qing Dynasty.

Respectfully erected by the imperial-titled Zhenwu General Tian Shixing, along with his son Weirong and grandsons Shaoshu, Shaoyi, and Shaoli.



61. Taiyuan Mosque: 'The body is in the same place as others'.

Seal of Huang Daozhou.

Huang Daozhou was a famous scholar, calligrapher, and painter at the end of the Ming Dynasty.



62. Taiyuan Mosque: 'Universal now, unique later'.

Respectfully erected by Li Hechun, a successful candidate in the Shuntian Bingzi provincial examination and magistrate of Tianzhen County, Datong Prefecture.

A lucky day in the eleventh lunar month of the Jihai year, the nineteenth year of the Daoguang reign of the Great Qing Dynasty.



63. Taiyuan Mosque: 'The great potter of all things'.

Erected by Tian Li, a presented scholar (jinshi) who was specially appointed as a military official (dusi) at the Yulin City garrison in the Shaanxi Yanjing region, with a two-grade promotion and two recorded merits.

Erected on a lucky day in the autumn, the ninth lunar month of the Yichou year, the tenth year of the Qianlong reign.



64. Taiyuan Mosque's "Ancient Religion from the Beginning of Heaven"

Jin Guozheng, Regional Commander and Assistant Commissioner-in-Chief in charge of Taiyuan, Shanxi and other areas

An auspicious day in the second month of autumn, the Yiwei year of the Kangxi reign

Jin Guozheng was from Tongxin, Ningxia. He was a famous Hui Muslim general during the Qing Dynasty. During the Kangxi reign, he served as the Regional Commander of Datong, Shanxi, the Regional Commander of Taiyuan Prefecture, and the Provincial Commander of Guyuan.



65. Taiyuan Mosque's "The Sound of Chanting Cannot Reach the Depth of Feeling"

Erected by Li Ximo in the tenth year of the Xianfeng reign

Calligraphy by Fang Xiaoru

Fang Xiaoru was a famous scholar, writer, and thinker of the Ming Dynasty.



66. Datong Mosque's "Ten Thousand Transformations Bow to the Truth"

An auspicious day in the eighth month, the Guihai year of the Qianlong reign of the Great Qing



67. Duolun Middle Mosque, Inner Mongolia

Do not be greedy for this life, only for the afterlife; let the way of heaven and the way of man return to the true religion

Strictly keep to the righteous path, avoid what is improper, let the heart be happy and the body be at peace, and recognize the One

Respectfully presented in the eighth month of the twenty-fourth year of the Jiaqing reign



68. Duolun Middle Mosque, Inner Mongolia's "Blessings Protect the One Truth"

An auspicious day in the fifth month of the ninth year of the Xianfeng reign of the Great Qing

Respectfully inscribed by Zheng Kuishi, Imperial Commissioner overseeing Ningguo military affairs, Commander-in-Chief of Zhejiang Province, supervisor of all land and naval garrisons, and holder of the title Jianwei General, Shalama Gai Batulu.

Zheng Kuishi was a famous general in the late Qing Dynasty and a Hui Muslim from Wanquan, Zhangjiakou, Hebei. He fought the Taiping Heavenly Kingdom and the Nian Army for many years. He was the first to break through Luzhou and was wounded over twenty times in Huaiyuan, nearly losing his life, which earned him great praise from the imperial court. When Zheng Kuishi inscribed the plaque for Duolun in the ninth year of the Xianfeng reign, he was serving as the Zhejiang Commander-in-Chief and overseeing Ningguo military affairs, which was the highest rank of his career. In a memorial to the throne, Li Hongzhang highly praised Zheng Kuishi, saying he was "hardworking, resolute, and peerlessly brave... he was the first to face the enemy's sharp edge, braving death, and was severely wounded eight or nine times. His body was covered in scars, and among all the famous generals north and south of the Yangtze River at the time, everyone considered Kuishi the best."



69. "Ancient Islamic Teachings" (Qingzhen Gujiao) at the Middle Mosque (Zhongsi) in Duolun, Inner Mongolia.

Respectfully presented by Song Rui, specially appointed Commander of the Duolun Garrison and recipient of the imperial peacock feather.

An auspicious day in the sixth lunar month of the Yi-Hai year, the first year of the Guangxu reign of the Great Qing Dynasty.



70. "Benevolent Wind Spreads Everywhere" (Renfeng Pubei) at the Middle Mosque (Zhongsi) in Duolun, Inner Mongolia.

Presented by Lord Zhu Dezheng, holder of the fourth-rank title and peacock feather, acting administrator of the Duolun Nuo'er Civil Administration Office.

Respectfully presented by Hui Muslim community leaders Shan Yunxing, village elder Ma Wanxing, and others in the first month of summer, the thirty-first year of the Guangxu reign of the Great Qing Dynasty.



71. "Universal Mercy for the Present World" (Puci Jinshi) at the Middle Mosque (Zhongsi) in Duolun, Inner Mongolia.

An auspicious day in the seventh lunar month of the eighth year of the Republic of China.

Managed by the public.



72. "Unique Mercy for the Future World" (Duci Houshi) at the Middle Mosque (Zhongsi) in Duolun, Inner Mongolia.

An auspicious day in the seventh lunar month of the eighth year of the Republic of China.

Managed by the public.



73. Inner Mongolia Chasuqi Mosque (Chasuqi Si)

An auspicious day in the 47th year of the Qianlong reign of the Great Qing Dynasty



74. Baotou Great Mosque (Baotou Dasi) plaque "Guqiu"

An auspicious day in the third lunar month of the Jiawu year of the Daoguang reign of the Great Qing Dynasty

Inscribed by community leaders Wang Daxing and Bai Kede



75. Baotou Great Mosque plaque "Xianyang Zhengjiao"

An auspicious day in the eighth month of the second year of the Republic of China

Respectfully inscribed by Ma Fuxiang, Altay Garrison Commander, Army Lieutenant General, and Commander of the Gansu Zhaowu Patrol and Ningxia forces



76. Kaifeng Zhuxian Town North Mosque plaque "Zhenyi Huanzhen"

Inscribed by Yulu, First Rank official, Minister of War, Censor-in-Chief of the Left, and Viceroy of Huguang

Erected by Wu Dengshun and Yu Qinghe on an auspicious day in the first month of winter in the Wuzi year of the Guangxu reign



77. Kaifeng Zhuxian Town North Mosque plaque "Zhijiao Zhenyuan"

Inscribed by Zhu Yulu, Imperial Scholar and Governor of Henan

Erected on an auspicious day in the Dinghai year of the 30th year of the Qianlong reign



78. Kaifeng Zhuxian Town North Mosque plaque "Keshou Qingzhen"

Erected on an auspicious day in the first ten days of spring in the first year of the Xianfeng reign by the Zhu Town community.

Respectfully inscribed by Sha Lütai, a candidate for county magistrate in Henan.



79. The 'Knowing Before the Rain' plaque at the North Mosque in Zhuxian Town, Kaifeng.

Bestowed by imperial decree in the summer of the 50th year of the Qianlong reign of the Great Qing Dynasty.

Inscribed by Ji Yun, Grand Academician of the Hanlin Academy.

Re-inscribed by Niu Guangfu, Honorary Dean of the Kaifeng Calligraphy and Painting Academy.

Re-erected in the ninth lunar month of 1988.

The original plaque was destroyed after 1966. Legend has it that in the summer of the 50th year of the Qianlong reign (1785), Emperor Qianlong toured the south with Ji Xiaolan. On their return, they stayed at the North Mosque in Zhuxian Town. It was a hot, sunny day in the seventh lunar month. When Emperor Qianlong left, the mosque's Imam Sai gave Ji Xiaolan a bamboo hat, a fox-fur coat, and rain gear. Ji Xiaolan did not understand why, but Imam Sai said they would surely be useful. As Emperor Qianlong’s party traveled north by boat along the grain transport canal, they had gone only about 20 li when a fierce storm broke out with thunder and rain. The temperature dropped suddenly, and Ji Xiaolan quickly draped the fox-fur coat the Imam had given him over the Emperor. Ji Xiaolan made a special trip back to the North Mosque in Zhuxian Town to ask Imam Sai how he had predicted the storm. The Imam said, 'Last night there was a lunar halo, and today the base of the stone pillar behind the mosque gate was damp. A lunar halo means wind, and damp stone bases mean rain. With both, there was bound to be heavy rain and hail.' After hearing this, Ji Xiaolan wrote the four large characters 'Knowing Before the Rain' (weiyu xianzhi), which were later made into a plaque and hung on the mosque gate.



80. The 'Shanyitang Mosque' in Kaifeng.

The second month of spring in the ninth year of the Guangxu reign.



81. Zhengzhou North Mosque: 'Blessings for All People'.

The virtuous governance of Imam (ahong) Mu of Yatang.

Inscribed by Ye Xiangmei.

An auspicious day in the eighth lunar month of the twenty-third year of the Republic of China.

The local community set up this plaque for Imam Mu Wenxiu. Legend says Imam Mu was invited to Yangqiaotan Township near the Yellow River in the northern suburbs of Zhengzhou to offer dua for rain and end a drought. After his dua, a soaking rain fell, providing enough water to end the drought. Imam Mu and others walked there under the hot sun and returned in the rain. The people were very grateful and presented this plaque to show their appreciation.



82. Zhengzhou North Mosque: 'The True Faith Flourishes'.

Presented by Yang Qizhen, Imperial Commissioner for Taiwan Military Affairs, First Rank Official, Minister-ranked Fujian Naval Admiral, and Hereditary Cloud-riding Lieutenant (yunqiwei) Peiling Abatur.

Presented by Hami Prince Hedile, Imperial Guard, permitted to ride a horse in the Forbidden City, recipient of the Imperial Yellow Jacket and the three-eyed peacock feather.

Presented by Yang Lianzhen, Commander of the Ten Fujian Battalions, expectant Brigade General (canjiang), recipient of the peacock feather, and three-time record holder for merit.

An auspicious day on the first day of the first lunar month in the twenty-first year of the Guangxu reign of the Great Qing Dynasty.

Yang Qizhen was a Hui Muslim from Huainan, Anhui, and a patriotic general in the late Qing Dynasty. In 1885, he led his troops to fight against French warships. He became the Admiral of the Fujian Navy in 1892 and built a mosque in Xiamen. In 1895, he passed through Zhengzhou and wrote a plaque for the North Mosque (Beidasi).



83. The 'His Majesty Has No Equal' plaque at the Zhengzhou North Mosque.

Inscribed by Ma Fuxiang, specially appointed Army General, General Xiangwu, and Military Governor of Suiyuan.

A lucky day in the middle of the seventh lunar month, the 13th year of the Republic of China.



84. Arabic plaque at the Zhengzhou North Mosque.

A lucky day in the sixth lunar month, the 14th year of the Qianlong reign of the Great Qing Dynasty.

Erected by Ai Zhijing, a follower of the Islamic faith.



85. The 'Truth Discusses the Three Worlds' plaque at the Zhengzhou North Mosque.

The 13th year of the Guangxu reign.

The World of Truth (the unseen world), the World of Form (the material world, the present life), and the World of Reality (the afterlife) are unified and inseparable. The World of Truth explores the origin of creation, the World of Form is the material reality we see, and the afterlife explores our future destination.



86. The 'Mosque' plaque at the Taicheng Mosque in Tai'an.

Erected on a day in the first lunar month of the Jiwei year, the Wanli reign of the Great Ming Dynasty.



87. Arabic plaque at the Zhenjiao Mosque in Qingzhou.

In the 12th year of the Yongzheng reign of the Great Qing Dynasty.

Rebuilt in the Jiayin year during the month of Qin.



88. Jinan North Mosque: 'Recognize the Oneness of Allah'.

Respectfully erected in the eighth month of the eleventh year of the Republic of China.

Written by Tang Kesan, Superintendent of the Xiamen Customs, after ritual washing.



89. Jinan North Mosque: 'Three Fears and Four Admonitions'.

An auspicious day in the latter part of the sixth month of the thirteenth year of the Republic of China.

Respectfully written by Tang Kesan, holder of the Second Class Order of the Golden Grain, former Daoyin of the Jinan Circuit in Shandong, and former Superintendent of the Xiamen Customs.

Tang Kesan was a Hui Muslim from Zoucheng, Shandong. He was a famous social activist during the Republic of China era. He served as the Shandong negotiator for the Ministry of Foreign Affairs, director of the Shandong Epidemic Prevention Office, Superintendent of the Xiamen Customs, director of the Shandong Provincial Road Administration, and Daoyin of the Jinan West Circuit. He served as principal of Chengda Normal School, founded the 'Yuehua' magazine, helped establish the Chinese Islamic Progress Association, and organized and led the Hui Muslim movement to resist Japan and save the nation. He made great contributions to the faith.



90. Jinan Nanguan Mosque: 'Mosque'.

Built and renovated in the eighth year of the Xianfeng reign.



91. Linqing North Mosque: 'Sincere Intentions and Upright Heart'.

Erected by Li Ying, a nominated and appointed brave Baturu (a title of honor) of the Dengzhou General Military Office.

An auspicious day in the middle winter month of the Yiyou year, the eleventh year of the Guangxu reign.



92. Linqing North Mosque: 'The Proper Order of Human Relationships'.

An auspicious day in the first month of autumn in the Dingji year, the second year of the Qianlong reign of the Great Qing Dynasty.

Yang Jing, the Vice Regional Commander of Linqing and surrounding areas.



93. Linqing North Mosque, the "Pure and True Mosque" (Qingzhen Libaisi).

The first month of spring in the Jiajing year of Jiazi.



94. Linqing East Mosque, the "Mosque" (Libaisi).

Built in the second month of spring in the Yiyou year, the first year of the Chenghua reign.

Renovated on an auspicious day in the last month of summer in the Wanli year of Guiwei.

Renovated on an auspicious day in the second month of summer in the Shunzhi year of Jiwei.



95. Liaocheng East Mosque, "Benefits Shared Equally" (Lize Junzhan).

An auspicious day in the second month of spring in the Gengwu year of the Jiaqing reign of the Great Qing.

Disciples from Shanxi and Hebei.



96. Wuhu Mosque, "Ancient Faith That Opened the Heavens" (Kaitian Gujiao).

An auspicious day in the twenty-third year of the Republic of China.

Respectfully presented by fellow Muslims.



97. Xi'an Huajue Lane Great Mosque, "Encompassing the Universe" (Baoluo Yuzhou).

Respectfully erected by Sha Diankui, the imperial-appointed Blue Feather-wearing Major of the Shaanxi Governor's Left Battalion.

Written by Shi Zhongyu of Pinyang during the middle ten days of the sixth month of summer in the Daoguang year of Gengzi.



98. The Imperial Mosque (Chici Libaisi) at Huajue Lane in Xi'an.

Calligraphy by Dong Qichang, Vice Minister of the Ministry of Rites.

Erected on an auspicious day in the first month of summer in the Tianqi era.

Dong Qichang was a calligrapher and painter during the Ming Dynasty.



99. The plaque 'Lineage from the Holy Land' (Pai Yan Tian Fang) at the Huajue Lane Mosque in Xi'an.

The Imperial Seal of Empress Dowager Cixi.

Legend says that when the Eight-Nation Alliance invaded in 1900, Empress Dowager Cixi and Emperor Guangxu fled to Xi'an. On the day they returned to the capital the following year, she wrote the inscription for this famous mosque. Tang Mianzhu, the former provincial judge, handled the delivery. The streets were packed with people watching the plaque being delivered, making it a very lively event.



100. The Huajue Lane Mosque in Xi'an.

The spider web remained intact, and the pigeons called out.

The message reached the warhorse, and the deer was released again.

Mid-Autumn Festival, the year of Guimao in the Guangxu reign.

Calligraphy by Wenti, a former compiler at the Hanlin Academy and Prefect of Kaifeng, Henan.

The Prophet was pursued by the Quraish tribe and hid in the Cave of Thawr with Abu Bakr.

The enemies reached the cave entrance and saw the spider web was unbroken.

They thought no one was inside and left.

The pursuers were still suspicious and threw stones to test the cave, causing two turtledoves (hu ge) to fly out.

The enemy saw the birds were not startled, so they were sure no one was there and the threat of war disappeared.

Companions of the Prophet, warhorses delivering messages, battles, and treaties.

A non-believer caught a live deer and said to the Prophet, If you can make this deer speak, I will convert. The Prophet guaranteed the deer would be released to nurse its young and promised it would return. The deer returned on time.

The non-believer was amazed and converted to the faith.

Wenti was from the Manchu Plain Yellow Banner, of the Guwalgiya clan, and a calligrapher in the late Qing Dynasty.





Appreciating plaques and couplets from the faith (1-50 pieces). view all

Reposted from the web

Summary: This Manchuria Muslim travel guide keeps the original route through Chifeng, Jilin, Acheng, and Qiqihar, including mosques, mihrab details, food stops, and photos. It preserves the source order for readers following Muslim heritage in northeast China.

The Manchuria region generally refers to the four northeastern provinces and regions. Besides Liaoning, Jilin, and Heilongjiang provinces, it also includes Chifeng, Hinggan League, Tongliao, Xilin Gol League, and Hulunbuir in eastern Inner Mongolia. People in these places have similar accents, which sound like the Northeast accent to people from the eighteen provinces of the interior.

I have written halal food maps for Changchun, Harbin, and Shenyang before. This time, I am adding Chifeng, Jilin City, Acheng in Harbin, and Qiqihar.

1. Chifeng City



I came to Chifeng because it has an ancient mosque that is a Major Historical and Cultural Site Protected at the National Level. The Chifeng North Mosque (Beidasi) was built in the fourth year of the Qianlong reign of the Qing Dynasty (1739). It was modeled after the style of the Shenyang South Mosque (Fengtian Qingzhen Nansi) at that time.





The North Mosque is the largest mosque in the Chifeng area. Not far from the North Mosque, there is also a South Mosque (Nandasi), which is a newly built mosque.











I saw carved phoenixes on both sides of the main prayer hall.



Under the eaves in front of the main hall, there are wooden dragon heads. Since Islam forbids drawing animal patterns and idols, these mythical creature symbols rarely appear in mosques.



The wood used for this mosque comes from the red wood of Nanshan in Chifeng.









Mihrab









The patterns on the windows are all plants and flowers, which look quite beautiful.



When you arrive in the Manchuria region, you will notice that halal restaurants here like to use blue signs. Following the logic of some, you might call them followers of the Blue Religion.



There is a lamb offal soup (yangza tang) shop next to the North Mosque. You cannot go wrong eating lamb offal when you come to Inner Mongolia.



It was still breakfast time, so I ordered a bowl of lamb offal soup (yangza) and a sesame flatbread (shaobing). It was delicious.



The owner chatted with me for a while. He is a local Hui Muslim from Chifeng. He said the Hui Muslims in Chifeng are not as 'pure' as those in Hohhot, and compared to the Hui Muslims in Hohhot, they are like 'second-tier' Hui Muslims. I have been to Hohhot and have very good Hui Muslim friends there. There are eight mosques in the urban area of Hohhot. They left a great impression on me; they are the type of people who focus equally on both this life and the afterlife.



I saw this small shop on my walk to the South Great Mosque (Qingzhen Nandasi). These halal shops are spread widely across Chifeng. There are 26 mosques in the Chifeng area, so it is quite convenient for Hui Muslims to find food here.







The Chifeng South Great Mosque was first built in the sixth year of the Jiaqing reign (1801). It was occupied in 1958 and converted into the current Changqing Park, then rebuilt at a new site in 1997.





















A small shop on the side of South Mosque Street (Nansi Jie), also run by locals.







I saw more than one seafood barbecue place on the streets of Chifeng. Perhaps because they are so far from the sea, I feel the people of Inner Mongolia have a special attachment to the ocean.





Seeing the familiar Arabic calligraphy hanging outside gave me a lot of comfort.



I chose to eat at Lao Tan Spicy Pot Chicken. This shop has been open for many years, but you cannot find much information on the Dazhong Dianping app, just a few photos. In third or fourth-tier cities and below, there are very few users on Dazhong Dianping, so you cannot find much dining information. In these cases, you can use the WeChat search function, which can find a lot of information that Baidu cannot, or you can just ask the locals.





This crispy chicken is served as a whole bird, enough for four people to eat. It is very fragrant and crispy. I suggest finding a few people to travel with when visiting Inner Mongolia, otherwise, it is hard to know what to eat.



This dish is called kuli. It is made with naked oat noodles (youmian) mixed with sesame oil. The more sesame oil, the better it tastes.



About 200 kilometers from Chifeng City, in Hexigten Banner, there is a mosque with a traditional style called Jingpeng Mosque. It was built in the Renzi year of the Xianfeng reign of the Qing Dynasty (1852) and is located on Jingpeng Street in Hexigten Banner. This mosque does not appear on maps, and Jingpeng Street is a residential area for Hui Muslims in Hexigten Banner.



After a four-hour drive, I reached Jingpeng Street. Seeing this beautiful mosque made me feel very grateful. I even think it is prettier than the North Mosque in Chifeng, as it lacks the traditional roof ornaments.



The second floor is the office area, and the first floor is the washroom.













The towels in the washroom are quite refined; they have the words for hand towel and foot towel embroidered on them.



















Jingpeng Street is currently being demolished and renovated, and the Hui Muslims have all moved across the river to live in apartment buildings.



There are not many shops on the west side of the river, as most have moved to the east side.



A local driver took me to a halal restaurant that has been in business for many years, saying that this place, Chengxinzhai, makes good food.



The two of us chose a pot of lamb neck bones and two jin (one kilogram) of boiled dumplings (shuijiao).



We ate in a private room.



The lamb neck bones were stewed until tender and very flavorful, and the beef and green onion dumplings were also delicious. The driver told me his ancestors came from Shandong. Many locals have ancestral roots in Shandong, so it is normal that they love eating boiled dumplings.



2. Jilin City



Jilin City in Jilin Province is considered the place with the highest concentration of Hui Muslims in Northeast China. There are four mosques just near Beiji Street in the city center. In the Manchu town of Wula Street, there is also the Wula Street Mosque, which is a major historical and cultural site protected at the national level. However, the focus of my trip was to see the Chuanchang Gongbei.



The Chuanchang Gongbei is the shrine for Ma Datian (1757–1817), the third-generation leader of the Jahriyya menhuan. The Qing government had exiled Ma Datian to Bukui in Heilongjiang (modern-day Qiqihar). When he reached the Jilin shipyard, he passed away at the age of 60. The twelve followers who had voluntarily followed him into exile were still sent to Bukui. They settled and multiplied there, forming a community. This is the origin of the Jahriyya in the Northeast. I will mention meeting Jahriyya followers in Qiqihar later.



Before coming to the Chuanchang gongbei, I learned from a close friend whose ancestors were among the twelve families that followed the elder Ma Datian that her family helped build this gongbei. Some of her family members still guard the site today.









Every year, many descendants of the Northwest Zhe school come here to visit the graves.



The Chuanchang gongbei is now a municipal-level cultural heritage site, and a mosque has been built right next to it.













Leaving the Chuanchang gongbei, you can walk south along the road to reach the North Great Mosque, or take the bus for two stops and get off at the mosque station.





The minaret of the North Great Mosque towers into the clouds.



The Jilin North Great Mosque was first built in the 25th year of the Qianlong reign of the Qing Dynasty (1760). The mosque houses an imperial decree tablet bestowed by the Daoguang Emperor.











I met people in the mosque reciting scriptures for the deceased, with family members wearing traditional mourning clothes. This is rare; I remember seeing it once at a mosque in Shijiazhuang.









Less than two kilometers from the North Great Mosque is the Jilin West Mosque.



The West Mosque was first built in the 2nd year of the Qianlong reign of the Qing Dynasty (1737) and was rebuilt in 2004.





Banning tobacco was not without controversy. Sultan Murad IV once ordered a ban on coffee and tobacco and executed many people. After long debates between supporters and opponents, the Grand Mufti Mehmed Bahai Efendi declared tobacco legal in a fatwa. Mehmed Bahai Efendi was a heavy smoker himself; he had been fired and exiled in 1634 for smoking. His principle for issuing fatwas was that everything not explicitly forbidden is legal, while also considering what is most suitable for the people.

Of course, smoking is harmful to health and is a form of slow suicide. Today, the vast majority of Islamic countries have declared smoking illegal.











In the sixth month of the 33rd year of the Kangxi Emperor's reign, the imperial decree stated: I have reviewed the great classics of the Han and Hui people from ancient times to the present, which represent the grand path from the beginning. There are seventy-two sects claiming to cultivate immortality and become Buddhas, leading the righteous astray into evil, and all sorts of lawless heresies have emerged. Past offenses will not be punished, but anyone who violates this again will be beheaded. The Han officials have their duties, enjoy the emperor's salary, and attend court daily. Yet the Hui Muslims pray to Allah and honor the Prophet five times a day, and although they do not eat my salary, they know how to show gratitude, which the Han people do not do as well as the Hui. Let all provinces know: if officials or commoners use minor grievances as an excuse to falsely report that the Hui Muslims are plotting a rebellion, the responsible official shall be executed first and reported later. Hui Muslims across the land must each uphold their faith, do not disobey this order, and do not fail my kindness in showing love for the path. Respect this and follow it.



The time here in Bangda has already reached past two in the morning, and People say at the mosque in Arctic Village, Mohe, Heilongjiang, the sky is already bright after one in the morning.















The West Mosque seems to value education highly and has study groups.









Leaving the West Mosque, it only takes a few hundred meters of walking to reach the East Mosque.



The East Mosque was first built during the Yongzheng period of the Qing Dynasty and was rebuilt in 2000, completing my visit to the four mosques in Jilin City.



















After leaving the East Mosque (Dongsi), I returned to Mosque Street (Qingzhensi Jie), which is a large residential area for Hui Muslims.



There are many breakfast stalls selling tofu pudding (doufunao), soy milk, lamb bone broth (yangtang), and steamed buns (baozi), much like in Beijing.



There are also many snack shops.



There is a large Hui Muslim supermarket that is long and narrow, with both sides connected.











I bought some halal meat floss cake and raisin cake at the supermarket for a very cheap price.













I bought half a jin of chewy flatbread (jinbing) at Xing Noodle Shop; it tastes a lot like hand-torn bread (shoushibing) and costs 3 yuan for half a jin.





For breakfast, I had beef steamed buns (baozi) and porridge. The buns were delicious and looked great too.









I ate three buns but wasn't full, so I went across the street for a bowl of tofu pudding (doufunao) and a fried dough stick (guozi). People in Jilin call fried dough sticks (youtiao) guozi.















Before leaving, I went to a burger shop and bought a chicken leg burger combo to go. It cost 18 yuan for a cola, two chicken wings, and a chicken leg burger.





Looking at these barbecue stalls, I bet this street gets really lively at night. It is hard to find this kind of down-to-earth night market in Beijing now.

3. Acheng, Harbin



Acheng is a far suburb of Harbin, about 40 kilometers from the city center. It is home to the Acheng Ancient Mosque (Acheng Qingzhen Gusi), which is a Major Historical and Cultural Site Protected at the National Level.



There is a leisure square in front of the Acheng Mosque gate where many children play in the evening.



The area around the mosque is a neighborhood for Hui Muslims, filled mostly with restaurants run by local Hui Muslims.











Acheng Mosque is the oldest mosque in the Harbin area, built during the Qianlong reign of the Qing Dynasty in 1777.











This mosque looks a lot like the Niujie Mosque. The Arabic calligraphy on the main hall's beams and the plaque on Datianjun Road are both similar to those at Niujie.



There is only one caretaker at the mosque who calls himself the lamplighter. I asked to turn on the lights to see better, but the caretaker said he could not because the mosque is a national heritage site. They keep the power off to prevent fires, only turning it on during Ramadan. The imam leaves work every day at 5:00 PM.



I had to use my phone's flashlight to take pictures.



The minbar inside the mosque is an antique.



I left Acheng for the Harbin Xiangfang Railway Station and had dinner at Dingniu Barbecue near the station.





I ordered a bottle of Qiulin kvass (qiulin gewasi). Once you have tried Qiulin, you can really taste the difference compared to other brands like Wahaha; Qiulin is definitely the best.



The owner recommended the beef bones. A huge platter arrived and surprised me, but there was not much meat on it. This big plate cost 38 yuan, and it is mostly for eating the beef bone marrow inside using a straw.

4. Qiqihar



To the people of Qiqihar, Harbin is considered the south.



There is a Mosque Road in Qiqihar.



Both sides of the street have several large halal restaurants that mainly serve Northeast Chinese cuisine.







The tea house next to the mosque is also a protected cultural heritage site.



Bukui Mosque was built in 1684, the 23rd year of the Kangxi reign of the Qing Dynasty. It is older than the city of Qiqihar itself, which is why people say, 'First came the mosque, then came Bukui City.' The East Mosque was built first for the Gedimu tradition, and later the West Mosque was built for the Jahriyya (Zheherenye) order. Together they are called Bukui Mosque. Today, when I arrived, it was time for the prayer service (pesh). The two halls held prayers separately; after the East Mosque finished bowing, the West Mosque was still collectively chanting praises to the Prophet.















Next to Bukui Mosque is the shrine (gongbei), where the ancestors of the twelve families who were exiled to Bukui along with the shipyard master are buried.











The main hall is currently being renovated, so the congregants of the East and West mosques are each praying in a temporary prayer hall.



A halal nursing home in Qiqihar.



I went to eat at Yuxiangzhai. Since the restaurant is so big, I wanted to check for recommended dishes on Dazhong Dianping first, but the waiter said there is nothing online and I should look at the murals on the wall to order.









I really love eating Northeast Chinese food, especially steamed dumplings (shaomai) and double-cooked pork slices (guobaorou). I never get tired of them.



The beef steamed dumplings (shaomai) cost 20 yuan per steamer and have thin skins with lots of filling.





The sweet and sour double-cooked pork slices (guobaorou) served with Northeast rice are delicious. The portion is just too big; two people couldn't finish such a large plate of meat. I ate until I was stuffed, but the amount of food didn't seem to go down, so I had to pack it up.

On my way to Bukui Mosque, I saw a small shop called Yangxuan Guolao that sells pan-fried dumplings (guolao). They look like potstickers (guotie) and seem delicious. Once the renovations at Bukui Mosque are finished, I want to come back and try them.

This concludes my tour of mosques in Manchuria. Here is a look back at previous posts:

A map of halal food in Changchun, Harbin, and Shenyang. view all

Reposted from the web

Summary: Mosque Near Me in China: Beautiful Mosques from Beijing to Sanya and Hong Kong is presented here as a clear English account for Muslim readers, beginning with this scene: This is my hand-picked collection of mosques I have visited across China. I used photos and short descriptions to introduce them. I chose these mosques because they represent their regions well, such as those designated. The article keeps the original names, food details, mosque details, photographs, and cultural context while focusing on China Mosques, Mosque Travel, Muslim Heritage.

This is my hand-picked collection of mosques I have visited across China. I used photos and short descriptions to introduce them. I chose these mosques because they represent their regions well, such as those designated as national cultural heritage sites or those that showcase traditional architectural styles. Two years ago, I wrote a map of Chinese mosques that received a lot of attention from friends (dosti). This article updates, trims, and adds to that old post with significant changes.

So far, I have visited over 400 mosques. The ones in this post make up only one-tenth of those I have seen. If you think the mosque in your hometown is more beautiful, please leave me a message. I will visit them one by one when I have time, insha'Allah.

— Hello, Travel —

Beijing: Niujie Mosque



I have counted 78 existing mosques in Beijing. Among them, Niujie Mosque is the oldest, largest, and highest-ranked cultural heritage site in the city. It was first built during the Northern Song Dynasty by a scholar named Nasruddin who served in the Liao Dynasty. It has a history of over a thousand years and was named a national key cultural heritage site in 1988.















Beijing: Yongshou Mosque



Located on Sanlihe in the Yuetan sub-district of Xicheng District, Yongshou Mosque was first built in the 33rd year of the Wanli reign of the Ming Dynasty. There was once a Hui Muslim cemetery within the mosque grounds, but it was moved in the 1950s. The scholar Wang Daiyu was once buried here, and now only a stone tablet recording his life remains.







Beijing: Tongzhou Mosque



Tongzhou Mosque was first built during the Yanyou era of the Yuan Dynasty. In the 21st year of the Wanli reign of the Ming Dynasty, the abandoned site of the Tongzhou Left Guard was added to expand it. Side halls were added in the 47th year of the Kangxi reign of the Qing Dynasty, and classrooms were added in the 20th year of the Daoguang reign.





Tianjin: Jinjiayao Mosque



Jinjiayao Mosque was first built in the second year of the Wanli reign of the Ming Dynasty (1574) and is one of the oldest mosques in Tianjin.

It is known as the number one mosque in Tianjin.





Tianjin: Great Mosque of Tianjin



The Great Mosque of Tianjin is one of China's famous mosques. It is located in the Hongqiao District of Tianjin and covers an area of 5,000 square meters. It is generally believed to have been founded in the early years of the Qing Dynasty (1644–1911).







Hebei: Cangzhou

North Great Mosque



This mosque was first built at the end of the Jianwen era of the Ming Dynasty (1420). Many imams from Shaanxi, Gansu, North China, and Inner Mongolia completed their studies and received their certificates at the North Mosque of Cangzhou.





Cangzhou City, Hebei Province

Botou Mosque



Botou Mosque in Cangzhou was first built in the second year of the Yongle era of the Ming Dynasty (1404) and is a Major Historical and Cultural Site Protected at the National Level. Inside the main prayer hall, there is a large minbar (minbailou) donated by a Tianjin duosi, which is valued at 260,000 yuan.







Langfang, Hebei

Beiwu Mosque, Dachang Hui Autonomous County



It was first built during the Wanli era of the Ming Dynasty (1573–1619) and is one of the key mosques in Hebei Province.





Baoding City, Hebei Province

Dingzhou Mosque



Dingzhou Mosque was first built in the eighth year of the Zhizheng era of the Yuan Dynasty (1348). The mosque houses a stone tablet from the Zhizheng era titled 'Record of Rebuilding the Mosque,' which is the earliest record to link the term 'Huihui' with Islam, the earliest to use the four-character translation for 'Muhammad' (originally translated as Mahema), and the earliest to pioneer the integration of Confucianism with Islam. It is now a Major Historical and Cultural Site Protected at the National Level.





Taiyuan, Shanxi

Ancient Mosque



This mosque was built during the Zhenyuan era of the Tang Dynasty (785–804) and rebuilt during the Jing era of the Song Dynasty (1034–1038). A stone tablet inside the mosque records its renovation during the Guangxu era of the Qing Dynasty.





Datong, Shanxi

Great Mosque



Datong Mosque is located on Jiulou Lane in Datong. According to the History of Yuan (Yuan Shi), the mosque was first built in 1324. Most of the current structures date back to the Ming and Qing dynasties, and it is a Major Historical and Cultural Site Protected at the National Level. A stone tablet titled Imperial Edict to Build the Mosque, re-erected in the seventh year of the Qianlong reign (1742), claims the mosque was founded in the second year of the Zhenguan reign of the Tang dynasty (628), though this may be a false attribution.









Hohhot, Inner Mongolia

Great Mosque



It was built in the thirty-second year of the Kangxi reign of the Qing dynasty (1693). According to the Tablet Record of the North and South Lecture Halls of the Mosque, it has been established for many years since the Qing dynasty took power. It was quite simple when first built. It was renovated in the fifty-fourth year of the Qianlong reign (1789).





Ordos, Inner Mongolia

Dongsheng Mosque



This is the only mosque in Dongsheng District. It was completed in 1990 with a main building area of 375 square meters and 45 square meters of auxiliary facilities.











Chifeng, Inner Mongolia



Chifeng North Great Mosque is a Major Historical and Cultural Site Protected at the National Level. Built in the fourth year of the Qianlong reign of the Qing dynasty (1739), it was modeled after the style of the South Great Mosque of Fengtian (now the South Mosque of Shenyang). There are 26 mosques in the Chifeng area, and this is the only one with national protection status.







Xi'an, Shaanxi

Huajue Lane Great Mosque



The exact founding date of this mosque is unknown, but it dates back to at least the Ming Dynasty. It was renovated and expanded in the 25th year of the Hongwu reign (1392) and was known as Qingxiuzhuan. In the 30th year of the Qianlong reign (1765), the local Muslim community raised funds to renovate it again, and it was named the mosque (qingzhensi).







Hanzhong, Shaanxi

Luling Mosque, Xixiang County



Luling Mosque in Xixiang County, Hanzhong, was built in the late Kangxi period of the Qing Dynasty. It is 330 years old and is one of the three holy sites of the Qadiriyya (Gaderenye) gongbei menhuan. It is an important place where the founder Qi Jingyi practiced, preached, and passed away. It is as famous as the Great Gongbei in Linxia, Gansu, and the Baba Mosque in Langzhong, Sichuan. The designers were professors from Tongji University and professors Kunihiro and George from Japan.







Zhengzhou, Henan

Beida Mosque



It started in the late Yuan and early Ming dynasties and houses two Ming Dynasty incense burners (xuandelu). China has four districts named after Hui Muslims, and

Henan has three of them, including the Guancheng Hui District in Zhengzhou.







Kaifeng City, Henan Province

Zhuxian Town Mosque



The Zhuxian Town Mosque in Kaifeng was built during the Ming Dynasty. It is the largest mosque in Kaifeng and is now a major historical and cultural site protected at the national level. The mosque contains stone tablets with Arabic inscriptions recording the Guxing sect. Starting in the early Qianlong period of the Qing Dynasty, the appearance of Guxing tablets in places like Kaifeng, Henan, was directly related to Ma Laichi coming to Henan to lecture. The main reason was to address the scriptural views of the new sect in Henan, which was influenced by both She Yunshen and Ma Laichi.







Jiyuan, Henan

Xiajie Mosque



This mosque was first built in the 35th year of the Kangxi reign of the Qing Dynasty by the Yuan family of Hui Muslims. Their ancestors moved here from Chunshu Hutong near Qianmen during the late Ming and early Qing dynasties to escape war, and they built the Xiajie Mosque.







Mengzhou City, Henan Province

Shangpo Village, Upper Mosque (Shangsi)



First built in the 24th year of the Jiaqing reign of the Qing Dynasty (1819 AD), Shangpo Village has 11 mosques, including 6 for men and 5 for women. The Upper Mosque in Shangpo is the liveliest mosque I have ever visited, with children playing everywhere inside.







Qinyang City, Henan Province

North Great Mosque (Beidasi)



The North Great Mosque in Qinyang was built during the Yuan Dynasty and is now a major historical and cultural site under state protection. It is a classic wooden structure made of precious materials. It includes a women's mosque and a martial arts school, covering a total area of over 3,300 square meters. Qinyang is a home of martial arts, and the Hui Muslim style of Chaquan boxing is very popular here.





Tongxin, Ningxia

Great Mosque



The Tongxin Great Mosque was first built in the early Ming Dynasty on the site of a collapsed Lama mosque and has a history of about 600 years. It was renovated three times during the Ming and Qing dynasties. In 1936, when the Red Army marched west, they established the Shaan-Gan-Ning Province Yuhai County Hui Muslim Autonomous Government here.







Lanzhou, Gansu

Nanguan Great Mosque



According to local historical records and stone tablets kept at the mosque, the Nanguan Great Mosque has been one of the six most famous mosques in Lanzhou since the Ming and Qing dynasties, with construction starting during the Hongwu reign of the Ming Dynasty (1368–1398).





Tianshui, Gansu

Houjie Mosque



The Houjie Mosque in Tianshui is a major historical and cultural site under national protection. It was first built during the Yuan Dynasty as a wooden structure. The Arabic stone inscriptions kept inside the mosque are the earliest ones discovered in Gansu.



Zhangjiachuan, Gansu

Zhaochuan Mosque



Located at the foot of Xuanhuagang Mountain in Zhangjiachuan, Zhaochuan Mosque was completed on October 30, 2017. Zhaochuan is a place name, located in Zhaochuan Village, Zhaochuan Town, Zhangjiachuan County.





Longnan, Gansu

Wudu Grand Mosque



Based on the stone tablets and documents kept in the mosque, it was first built during the Chenghua or Jiajing periods of the mid-Ming Dynasty. It has been rebuilt eight times, merging the original front and back mosques into one on the same site.





Xining, Qinghai

Dongguan Grand Mosque



The mosque was founded in the early Ming Dynasty (1368–1644). It was damaged many times throughout history but was constantly repaired. The current building was rebuilt in 1913, renovated and expanded in 1946, and repaired again in 1979.





Xunhua, Qinghai

Jiezi Mosque



Jiezi Mosque in Xunhua is the second largest mosque in Qinghai. First built in the Ming Dynasty, it is a provincial-level cultural heritage site. It houses hand-copied Qurans from the early Salar people. In the square, there are the tombs of two Salar sages named Ahamang and Galamang, who moved from Samarkand in Central Asia to Qinghai during the late Yuan and early Ming dynasties.







Haidong, Qinghai

Hongshuiquan Mosque



Hongshuiquan Mosque in Hongshuiquan Hui Muslim Township, Haidong City, was built during the Ming Dynasty and is a seventh-batch Major Historical and Cultural Site Protected at the National Level. The mosque uses a brick-and-wood structure and blends architectural styles from Tibetan Buddhist monasteries. The main hall roof features a treasure vase (baoping), and the interior is decorated with the Eight Auspicious Symbols of Buddhism along with many carvings representing folk good fortune. The umbrella-like canopy structure (tianluosan) on the roof of the rear hall is unique to mosques in the Qinghai region, and you can also find this design at Kangjia Mosque in Jianzha and Heyin Mosque in Guide.







Xunhua, Qinghai

Zanbuhu Mosque (Hongguang Mosque)



Hongguang Village was originally called Zanbuhu. It was renamed Hongguang Village in 1987 to honor the martyrs of the Western Route Army. Hongguang Mosque is the only mosque in the country built by the Red Army. Between 1939 and 1946, Ma Bufang forced over 400 captured soldiers from the Red Western Route Army to work as laborers and brought them to what is now Hongguang Village in Xunhua County. While building the mosque, the Red Army soldiers carved patterns like the red five-pointed star, sickle, axe, the character 'gong' (for worker), and collar badges into the decorative bricks while they were firing them.







Chengdu, Sichuan

Upper Mosque (Qingzhen Shangsi)



The Upper Mosque is also called Tuqiao Mosque. It consists of two parts, an upper mosque and a lower mosque, and was first built in the 56th year of the Qianlong reign of the Qing Dynasty (1791).









Chengdu, Sichuan

Imperial City Mosque (Huangcheng Mosque)



The mosque gets its name because it is located near the ruins of a historical imperial palace. It was first built in the 16th century. The mosque was severely damaged by war in 1917. Although it was rebuilt shortly after, limited funds meant the original site area of over 6,600 square meters was reduced to just over 5,000 square meters. Even so, it remains the largest mosque in Sichuan Province.









Nanchong, Sichuan

Baba Mosque in Langzhong



The Baba Mosque in Langzhong was built after the 29th-generation descendant of the Prophet, Khwaja Abdullah, passed away while preaching in Sichuan during the Kangxi reign. His student Qi Jingyi and the Northern Sichuan military commander Ma Ziyun built the shrine (gongbei) under the order of the Kangxi Emperor to honor him and thank him for curing the Emperor's serious illness. Qi Jingyi was the founding master of the Qadiriyya order. He established the mosque's complete rules and a system for rotating imams to guard it. He also created the generational naming system to continue the Qadiriyya tradition. The Qadiriyya order has three major holy sites: the Great Shrine (gongbei) in Hezhou, Gansu; Luling Mosque in Xixiang, Shaanxi; and the Baba Mosque in Langzhong, Sichuan. The Baba Mosque is the first among these three.





Urumqi, Xinjiang

Shaanxi Mosque



First built during the Qianlong reign of the Qing Dynasty, it was later rebuilt with funds raised by Hui Muslims who moved here from Shaanxi. It is the largest mosque for Hui Muslims in Urumqi and serves as the headquarters for the Urumqi Islamic Association.





Urumqi, Xinjiang

Tatar Mosque



This is a Central Asian-style mosque built in 1897 with donations from the Tatar people. In 1919, a local company called Dehe Foreign Firm funded its reconstruction, so it is also known as the Foreign Firm Mosque (Yanghang Dasi).



Turpan, Xinjiang

Sugong Pagoda Mosque



Completed in 1778, it was funded by the Turpan Prince Emin Khoja during the Qing Dynasty and built by his son, Suleiman. That is why it is named Sugong Pagoda.





Shenyang, Liaoning

South Mosque



First built in 1627, it is the most influential mosque in Northeast China. According to the Tie Family Genealogy: 'Our ancestor Tie Kui performed military service in the early Qing Dynasty, reaching the rank of Cavalry Commandant and General. He was devoted to the faith and, with his prominent status, donated his own wealth to build the South Mosque in the Hui Muslim community of Xiaoxiguan, expanding the site to its current scale.'







Changchun, Jilin

Changtong Road Mosque



Founded in 1824, it is the largest mosque in Jilin Province, covering an area of over 16,000 square meters.





Harbin, Heilongjiang

Acheng Mosque



Acheng Mosque is the oldest mosque in the Harbin area, built during the Qianlong reign of the Qing Dynasty (1777). This mosque looks very similar to the Niujie Mosque; the Arabic calligraphy on the main hall's beams and pillars and the plaque on Datianjun Road are both similar to those at Niujie.







Qiqihar City, Heilongjiang Province

Bukui Mosque



Bukui Mosque was built in the 23rd year of the Kangxi reign of the Qing Dynasty (1684). It predates the founding of Qiqihar city, leading to the saying, 'First there was the mosque, then there was Bukui city.' The East Mosque was built first for the Gedimu tradition, and later the West Mosque was built for the Jahriyya menhuan. Together, the east and west mosques are called Bukui Mosque.







Jinan, Shandong

North Great Mosque



Located on Yongchang Street in the Shizhong District of Jinan, it is a municipal-level cultural heritage site. The mosque was first built during the Hongzhi reign of the Ming Dynasty and underwent several renovations during the Qianlong, Jiaqing, Daoguang, and Guangxu reigns of the Qing Dynasty, as well as during the Republic of China era. It now covers 8.1 mu with a building area of 2,252 square meters.







Qingzhou, Shandong

Zhenjiao Mosque



According to the stone inscriptions inside the mosque, 'The Hui mosque was established in the 6th year of the Dade reign of the Great Yuan Dynasty (1302 AD) by the descendants of Bayan.' It covers over 6,000 square meters with a building area of over 2,000 square meters.









Jining City, Shandong Province

Jining East Mosque



Jining East Mosque sits by the Grand Canal, so it is called the River-Side East Mosque (Shunhe Qingzhen Dongdasi). It was first built during the Hongwu period of the Ming Dynasty and is a major historical site under national protection. Chang Zhimei, a famous master of Islamic scripture and founder of the Shandong school, once wrote books and biographies here.







Linqing City, Shandong Province

Halal

East Mosque



Linqing East Mosque was first built during the Chenghua period of the Ming Dynasty and is a major historical site under national protection. Linqing is full of halal restaurants, but there are only two mosques. The other is the North Mosque. The two mosques are two hundred meters apart, and the North Mosque is also a major historical site under national protection.





Nanjing, Jiangsu

Jingjue Mosque



It was first built in the Hongwu period of the Ming Dynasty (1388 AD) and later rebuilt by Zheng He. It is currently the largest mosque in the Nanjing area.





Yangzhou, Jiangsu

Xianhe Mosque



It was first built in the first year of the Deyou period of the Song Dynasty by Pu Hadin, a descendant of the Prophet. The building looks like a crane, and it is one of the four great ancient mosques in the Jiangnan region.









Zhenjiang, Jiangsu

Shanxiang Mosque



According to the Zhenjiang Prefecture Records revised during the Wanli period of the Ming Dynasty, it was first built in the second year of the Zhenguan period of the Tang Dynasty (628 AD), but this cannot be verified. During the War of Resistance Against Japan, the mosque was used as a shelter. The mosque was once a center for printing Islamic scriptures in Chinese. It printed more than 20 types of woodblock-printed Chinese classics, including The Philosophy of Islam (Tianfang Xingli), The Rites of Islam (Tianfang Dianli), The True Interpretation of the Orthodox Religion (Zhengjiao Zhenquan), and The Essential Collection of the Four Classics (Sidian Yaohui).





Shouxian, Anhui Province

Mosque



The Shouxian Mosque in Huainan, Anhui, was first built during the Tianqi era of the Ming Dynasty (1621-1627). It is now a Major Historical and Cultural Site Protected at the National Level. The famous imam Wang Jingzhai taught here for two months during the Republic of China era. He left for Taiwan after being invited to help revitalize the Muslim community there and because he could no longer tolerate harassment from the Eighth Route Army.





Anqing City, Anhui Province

Mosque



The Nanguan Mosque in Anqing, Anhui, was built by Ma Yi, a second-rank regional military commander during the Ming Dynasty. It is a Major Historical and Cultural Site Protected at the National Level. In 1381, Ming Dynasty General Ma Jucheng led Hui Muslim soldiers to garrison Anqing and established the Anqing Garrison, which has a longer history than the Tianjin Garrison. The first mosque in Tianjin, the Jinjiayao Mosque, was also founded by Hui Muslim boatmen from Anqing. To this day, many Hui Muslims in Tianjin still say their ancestral home is Anqing Prefecture.





Jiaxing, Zhejiang

Mosque



First built in the Ming Dynasty, the Jianzhen Mosque in Jiaxing has a stone tablet record. The writer of the inscription, Jiaxing Prefect Che Daren, and the calligrapher, local resident Ma Mengzhen (who served as a deputy director for compiling national history and has a biography in the History of Ming), were both Muslim officials.







Hangzhou, Zhejiang

Phoenix Mosque (Fenghuang Si)



This mosque was first built in the Tang Dynasty, destroyed in the Song Dynasty, and rebuilt in the Yuan Dynasty. It is one of the four great ancient mosques in the Jiangnan region. The roof of the main hall features three octagonal spire-topped structures dating back to the Song Dynasty. One of them is carved with verses from the Quran, a relic said to date back to the second year of the Jingtai era of the Ming Dynasty. The stone scripture platform and the stone pillar bases inside the Phoenix Mosque have also been verified by cultural heritage authorities as relics from the Song Dynasty.





Ningbo, Zhejiang

Yuehu Mosque



Built in the 38th year of the Kangxi reign, this is currently the only mosque in Ningbo and serves as the headquarters for the Ningbo Islamic Association.







Lishui, Zhejiang

Mosque



Lishui Mosque was first built in the 12th year of the Guangxu reign (1886) and was funded by the religious leader Ma Huanzhang. Records show that in the mid-Qing Dynasty, Hui Muslims with the surnames Ma and Yuan moved from Shaanxi to Lishui, and the Lishui county magistrate was also a Hui Muslim from Yunnan. Lishui Mosque was built right across from the local government office at that time and covers about 5 mu of land. Before 1958, an imam from Shandong named Li Yuliang managed religious affairs at the mosque, but religious activities stopped after that. However, several elderly women including Jin Maizi, Yuan Aiwu, Ma Xiuzi, and Grandma Wu continued to practice their faith.





Songjiang Mosque, Shanghai



Shanghai Songjiang Mosque is the oldest mosque in the Shanghai area. It was first built during the Yuan Dynasty (1341-1367). It contains a cemetery for Hui Muslims, where a Yuan Dynasty Songjiang official known as a Darughachi is buried. The main prayer hall (yaodian) features a style that blends Chinese and Arabic architecture, similar to the mosques in Dingzhou, Dongsi, Hangzhou Phoenix, and Shanghai Songjiang.







Quanzhou, Fujian

Qingjing Mosque



First built in 1009, this is the oldest existing mosque in China with an Arabic architectural style and is one of the four great ancient mosques in the Jiangnan region.









Shaoyang, Hunan

South Mosque



Built in 1914, Shaoyang is a city in Hunan Province with a relatively large Muslim population, and there are two mosques in the urban area.







Guiyang, Guizhou

Mosque



This is the only mosque in Guiyang, built in the second year of the Yongzheng reign of the Qing Dynasty (1724). The great imam Wang Jingzhai once taught here, and after he passed away, he was buried in the Muslim cemetery on the outskirts of the city.







Najiaying, Yunnan

Gucheng Mosque



The Gucheng Mosque is located in Najiaying Village, Nagu Hui Muslim Township, Tonghai County. It was first built in 1370, the third year of the Hongwu reign of the Ming Dynasty, when Nasulu and his son settled in Najiaying.





Shadian, Yunnan

Great Mosque



The Shadian Grand Mosque was first built in 1684, the twenty-third year of the Kangxi reign. It has a long history and covers a total area of 21,000 square meters. The current building was started in 2005, and its architectural style is similar to mosques in Southeast Asia.







Xishuangbanna, Yunnan

Mansaihui Mosque



Xishuangbanna has two Hui-Dai villages, one called Manluanhui and the other Mansaihui. The Hui-Dai are Dai people who practice Islam and speak the Dai language. I came here to see the legendary bamboo-style mosque. After arriving, I was told that the bamboo mosque existed in the early days, but because it was not practical, it has been rebuilt into a brick and tile building. This Mansaihui Mosque was built in 1985, and you can see Dai script inside.







Guilin, Guangxi

Liutang Mosque



The mosque in Liutang Village, Guilin, is the largest existing mosque in the city. It was first built during the Kangxi and Qianlong reigns of the Qing Dynasty. During the War of Resistance Against Japan, when the Beiping Chengda Normal School moved south to Guilin, it established its first affiliated experimental primary school at this mosque in early 1939. There are currently 9 mosques in Guilin.







Lhasa, Tibet

Great Mosque



Lhasa has five mosques. The Lhasa Great Mosque was built during the Qianlong period of the Qing Dynasty and is the largest mosque in the city. The imam at the mosque is a Tibetan Hui Muslim. Many Tibetan Hui Muslims live in the old city of Lhasa. Their ancestors came from Kashmir. They speak Tibetan and look just like other Tibetans today, but their ID cards list them as Hui Muslims, and they practice Islam.











Shigatse, Tibet

Mosque



Built in 1343, it was funded by Arabs, Indians, and Chinese people. The mosque's architectural style shows clear Tibetan influences.









Guangzhou, Guangdong

Huaisheng Mosque



The exact date of its founding is unknown, but it was destroyed in 1343 during the third year of the Zhizheng era of the Yuan Dynasty. Also known as the Light Tower Mosque (Guangta Si), it is one of the four great ancient mosques in the Jiangnan region.





Shenzhen, Guangdong

Mosque



Shenzhen Mosque was completed in 2016. The main building has five floors, with a prayer hall on every level and a restaurant on the first floor. You can reach the floors by elevator.





Muslim Cemetery, Macau

Mosque



Built on June 27, 1973, it was funded by Mrs. Halima Bisheik. The mosque does not have a full-time imam, so an imam from Hong Kong comes to lead the Friday prayers (Jumu'ah) each week.









Kowloon, Hong Kong

Kowloon Mosque



Hong Kong has five mosques, with the first built in 1896. The Kowloon Mosque is the largest, and a Pakistani imam teaches religious classes there.





Sanya, Hainan

Huixin Village South Mosque



The South Mosque is in the center of Huixin Village in the Tianya District of Sanya. It was the first mosque in ancient Yazhou, with its original site dating back to the Southern Song Dynasty. It was severely destroyed during the Cultural Revolution, rebuilt in 1978, and renovated in December 2016. I was lucky to attend the completion ceremony in January 2017. The ceremony was held on a Friday, and the Sanya imam gave a sermon (wa'ez) in the Huihui language. view all

Reposted from the web

Summary: This Manchuria Muslim travel guide keeps the original route through Chifeng, Jilin, Acheng, and Qiqihar, including mosques, mihrab details, food stops, and photos. It preserves the source order for readers following Muslim heritage in northeast China.

The Manchuria region generally refers to the four northeastern provinces and regions. Besides Liaoning, Jilin, and Heilongjiang provinces, it also includes Chifeng, Hinggan League, Tongliao, Xilin Gol League, and Hulunbuir in eastern Inner Mongolia. People in these places have similar accents, which sound like the Northeast accent to people from the eighteen provinces of the interior.

I have written halal food maps for Changchun, Harbin, and Shenyang before. This time, I am adding Chifeng, Jilin City, Acheng in Harbin, and Qiqihar.

1. Chifeng City



I came to Chifeng because it has an ancient mosque that is a Major Historical and Cultural Site Protected at the National Level. The Chifeng North Mosque (Beidasi) was built in the fourth year of the Qianlong reign of the Qing Dynasty (1739). It was modeled after the style of the Shenyang South Mosque (Fengtian Qingzhen Nansi) at that time.





The North Mosque is the largest mosque in the Chifeng area. Not far from the North Mosque, there is also a South Mosque (Nandasi), which is a newly built mosque.











I saw carved phoenixes on both sides of the main prayer hall.



Under the eaves in front of the main hall, there are wooden dragon heads. Since Islam forbids drawing animal patterns and idols, these mythical creature symbols rarely appear in mosques.



The wood used for this mosque comes from the red wood of Nanshan in Chifeng.









Mihrab









The patterns on the windows are all plants and flowers, which look quite beautiful.



When you arrive in the Manchuria region, you will notice that halal restaurants here like to use blue signs. Following the logic of some, you might call them followers of the Blue Religion.



There is a lamb offal soup (yangza tang) shop next to the North Mosque. You cannot go wrong eating lamb offal when you come to Inner Mongolia.



It was still breakfast time, so I ordered a bowl of lamb offal soup (yangza) and a sesame flatbread (shaobing). It was delicious.



The owner chatted with me for a while. He is a local Hui Muslim from Chifeng. He said the Hui Muslims in Chifeng are not as 'pure' as those in Hohhot, and compared to the Hui Muslims in Hohhot, they are like 'second-tier' Hui Muslims. I have been to Hohhot and have very good Hui Muslim friends there. There are eight mosques in the urban area of Hohhot. They left a great impression on me; they are the type of people who focus equally on both this life and the afterlife.



I saw this small shop on my walk to the South Great Mosque (Qingzhen Nandasi). These halal shops are spread widely across Chifeng. There are 26 mosques in the Chifeng area, so it is quite convenient for Hui Muslims to find food here.







The Chifeng South Great Mosque was first built in the sixth year of the Jiaqing reign (1801). It was occupied in 1958 and converted into the current Changqing Park, then rebuilt at a new site in 1997.





















A small shop on the side of South Mosque Street (Nansi Jie), also run by locals.







I saw more than one seafood barbecue place on the streets of Chifeng. Perhaps because they are so far from the sea, I feel the people of Inner Mongolia have a special attachment to the ocean.





Seeing the familiar Arabic calligraphy hanging outside gave me a lot of comfort.



I chose to eat at Lao Tan Spicy Pot Chicken. This shop has been open for many years, but you cannot find much information on the Dazhong Dianping app, just a few photos. In third or fourth-tier cities and below, there are very few users on Dazhong Dianping, so you cannot find much dining information. In these cases, you can use the WeChat search function, which can find a lot of information that Baidu cannot, or you can just ask the locals.





This crispy chicken is served as a whole bird, enough for four people to eat. It is very fragrant and crispy. I suggest finding a few people to travel with when visiting Inner Mongolia, otherwise, it is hard to know what to eat.



This dish is called kuli. It is made with naked oat noodles (youmian) mixed with sesame oil. The more sesame oil, the better it tastes.



About 200 kilometers from Chifeng City, in Hexigten Banner, there is a mosque with a traditional style called Jingpeng Mosque. It was built in the Renzi year of the Xianfeng reign of the Qing Dynasty (1852) and is located on Jingpeng Street in Hexigten Banner. This mosque does not appear on maps, and Jingpeng Street is a residential area for Hui Muslims in Hexigten Banner.



After a four-hour drive, I reached Jingpeng Street. Seeing this beautiful mosque made me feel very grateful. I even think it is prettier than the North Mosque in Chifeng, as it lacks the traditional roof ornaments.



The second floor is the office area, and the first floor is the washroom.













The towels in the washroom are quite refined; they have the words for hand towel and foot towel embroidered on them.



















Jingpeng Street is currently being demolished and renovated, and the Hui Muslims have all moved across the river to live in apartment buildings.



There are not many shops on the west side of the river, as most have moved to the east side.



A local driver took me to a halal restaurant that has been in business for many years, saying that this place, Chengxinzhai, makes good food.



The two of us chose a pot of lamb neck bones and two jin (one kilogram) of boiled dumplings (shuijiao).



We ate in a private room.



The lamb neck bones were stewed until tender and very flavorful, and the beef and green onion dumplings were also delicious. The driver told me his ancestors came from Shandong. Many locals have ancestral roots in Shandong, so it is normal that they love eating boiled dumplings.



2. Jilin City



Jilin City in Jilin Province is considered the place with the highest concentration of Hui Muslims in Northeast China. There are four mosques just near Beiji Street in the city center. In the Manchu town of Wula Street, there is also the Wula Street Mosque, which is a major historical and cultural site protected at the national level. However, the focus of my trip was to see the Chuanchang Gongbei.



The Chuanchang Gongbei is the shrine for Ma Datian (1757–1817), the third-generation leader of the Jahriyya menhuan. The Qing government had exiled Ma Datian to Bukui in Heilongjiang (modern-day Qiqihar). When he reached the Jilin shipyard, he passed away at the age of 60. The twelve followers who had voluntarily followed him into exile were still sent to Bukui. They settled and multiplied there, forming a community. This is the origin of the Jahriyya in the Northeast. I will mention meeting Jahriyya followers in Qiqihar later.



Before coming to the Chuanchang gongbei, I learned from a close friend whose ancestors were among the twelve families that followed the elder Ma Datian that her family helped build this gongbei. Some of her family members still guard the site today.









Every year, many descendants of the Northwest Zhe school come here to visit the graves.



The Chuanchang gongbei is now a municipal-level cultural heritage site, and a mosque has been built right next to it.













Leaving the Chuanchang gongbei, you can walk south along the road to reach the North Great Mosque, or take the bus for two stops and get off at the mosque station.





The minaret of the North Great Mosque towers into the clouds.



The Jilin North Great Mosque was first built in the 25th year of the Qianlong reign of the Qing Dynasty (1760). The mosque houses an imperial decree tablet bestowed by the Daoguang Emperor.











I met people in the mosque reciting scriptures for the deceased, with family members wearing traditional mourning clothes. This is rare; I remember seeing it once at a mosque in Shijiazhuang.









Less than two kilometers from the North Great Mosque is the Jilin West Mosque.



The West Mosque was first built in the 2nd year of the Qianlong reign of the Qing Dynasty (1737) and was rebuilt in 2004.





Banning tobacco was not without controversy. Sultan Murad IV once ordered a ban on coffee and tobacco and executed many people. After long debates between supporters and opponents, the Grand Mufti Mehmed Bahai Efendi declared tobacco legal in a fatwa. Mehmed Bahai Efendi was a heavy smoker himself; he had been fired and exiled in 1634 for smoking. His principle for issuing fatwas was that everything not explicitly forbidden is legal, while also considering what is most suitable for the people.

Of course, smoking is harmful to health and is a form of slow suicide. Today, the vast majority of Islamic countries have declared smoking illegal.











In the sixth month of the 33rd year of the Kangxi Emperor's reign, the imperial decree stated: I have reviewed the great classics of the Han and Hui people from ancient times to the present, which represent the grand path from the beginning. There are seventy-two sects claiming to cultivate immortality and become Buddhas, leading the righteous astray into evil, and all sorts of lawless heresies have emerged. Past offenses will not be punished, but anyone who violates this again will be beheaded. The Han officials have their duties, enjoy the emperor's salary, and attend court daily. Yet the Hui Muslims pray to Allah and honor the Prophet five times a day, and although they do not eat my salary, they know how to show gratitude, which the Han people do not do as well as the Hui. Let all provinces know: if officials or commoners use minor grievances as an excuse to falsely report that the Hui Muslims are plotting a rebellion, the responsible official shall be executed first and reported later. Hui Muslims across the land must each uphold their faith, do not disobey this order, and do not fail my kindness in showing love for the path. Respect this and follow it.



The time here in Bangda has already reached past two in the morning, and People say at the mosque in Arctic Village, Mohe, Heilongjiang, the sky is already bright after one in the morning.















The West Mosque seems to value education highly and has study groups.









Leaving the West Mosque, it only takes a few hundred meters of walking to reach the East Mosque.



The East Mosque was first built during the Yongzheng period of the Qing Dynasty and was rebuilt in 2000, completing my visit to the four mosques in Jilin City.



















After leaving the East Mosque (Dongsi), I returned to Mosque Street (Qingzhensi Jie), which is a large residential area for Hui Muslims.



There are many breakfast stalls selling tofu pudding (doufunao), soy milk, lamb bone broth (yangtang), and steamed buns (baozi), much like in Beijing.



There are also many snack shops.



There is a large Hui Muslim supermarket that is long and narrow, with both sides connected.











I bought some halal meat floss cake and raisin cake at the supermarket for a very cheap price.













I bought half a jin of chewy flatbread (jinbing) at Xing Noodle Shop; it tastes a lot like hand-torn bread (shoushibing) and costs 3 yuan for half a jin.





For breakfast, I had beef steamed buns (baozi) and porridge. The buns were delicious and looked great too.









I ate three buns but wasn't full, so I went across the street for a bowl of tofu pudding (doufunao) and a fried dough stick (guozi). People in Jilin call fried dough sticks (youtiao) guozi.















Before leaving, I went to a burger shop and bought a chicken leg burger combo to go. It cost 18 yuan for a cola, two chicken wings, and a chicken leg burger.





Looking at these barbecue stalls, I bet this street gets really lively at night. It is hard to find this kind of down-to-earth night market in Beijing now.

3. Acheng, Harbin



Acheng is a far suburb of Harbin, about 40 kilometers from the city center. It is home to the Acheng Ancient Mosque (Acheng Qingzhen Gusi), which is a Major Historical and Cultural Site Protected at the National Level.



There is a leisure square in front of the Acheng Mosque gate where many children play in the evening.



The area around the mosque is a neighborhood for Hui Muslims, filled mostly with restaurants run by local Hui Muslims.











Acheng Mosque is the oldest mosque in the Harbin area, built during the Qianlong reign of the Qing Dynasty in 1777.











This mosque looks a lot like the Niujie Mosque. The Arabic calligraphy on the main hall's beams and the plaque on Datianjun Road are both similar to those at Niujie.



There is only one caretaker at the mosque who calls himself the lamplighter. I asked to turn on the lights to see better, but the caretaker said he could not because the mosque is a national heritage site. They keep the power off to prevent fires, only turning it on during Ramadan. The imam leaves work every day at 5:00 PM.



I had to use my phone's flashlight to take pictures.



The minbar inside the mosque is an antique.



I left Acheng for the Harbin Xiangfang Railway Station and had dinner at Dingniu Barbecue near the station.





I ordered a bottle of Qiulin kvass (qiulin gewasi). Once you have tried Qiulin, you can really taste the difference compared to other brands like Wahaha; Qiulin is definitely the best.



The owner recommended the beef bones. A huge platter arrived and surprised me, but there was not much meat on it. This big plate cost 38 yuan, and it is mostly for eating the beef bone marrow inside using a straw.

4. Qiqihar



To the people of Qiqihar, Harbin is considered the south.



There is a Mosque Road in Qiqihar.



Both sides of the street have several large halal restaurants that mainly serve Northeast Chinese cuisine.







The tea house next to the mosque is also a protected cultural heritage site.



Bukui Mosque was built in 1684, the 23rd year of the Kangxi reign of the Qing Dynasty. It is older than the city of Qiqihar itself, which is why people say, 'First came the mosque, then came Bukui City.' The East Mosque was built first for the Gedimu tradition, and later the West Mosque was built for the Jahriyya (Zheherenye) order. Together they are called Bukui Mosque. Today, when I arrived, it was time for the prayer service (pesh). The two halls held prayers separately; after the East Mosque finished bowing, the West Mosque was still collectively chanting praises to the Prophet.















Next to Bukui Mosque is the shrine (gongbei), where the ancestors of the twelve families who were exiled to Bukui along with the shipyard master are buried.











The main hall is currently being renovated, so the congregants of the East and West mosques are each praying in a temporary prayer hall.



A halal nursing home in Qiqihar.



I went to eat at Yuxiangzhai. Since the restaurant is so big, I wanted to check for recommended dishes on Dazhong Dianping first, but the waiter said there is nothing online and I should look at the murals on the wall to order.









I really love eating Northeast Chinese food, especially steamed dumplings (shaomai) and double-cooked pork slices (guobaorou). I never get tired of them.



The beef steamed dumplings (shaomai) cost 20 yuan per steamer and have thin skins with lots of filling.





The sweet and sour double-cooked pork slices (guobaorou) served with Northeast rice are delicious. The portion is just too big; two people couldn't finish such a large plate of meat. I ate until I was stuffed, but the amount of food didn't seem to go down, so I had to pack it up.

On my way to Bukui Mosque, I saw a small shop called Yangxuan Guolao that sells pan-fried dumplings (guolao). They look like potstickers (guotie) and seem delicious. Once the renovations at Bukui Mosque are finished, I want to come back and try them.

This concludes my tour of mosques in Manchuria. Here is a look back at previous posts:

A map of halal food in Changchun, Harbin, and Shenyang. view all

Reposted from the web

Summary: This China mosque map continues the original series with locations, history notes, regional mosque names, and photos from Ningxia to Shenzhen and Wuhan. It is formatted for readers searching for mosque locations and Muslim travel history in China.

The last issue of the China Mosque Map introduced some mosques I have visited. I chose the ones I personally find unique, but space was limited, so I will introduce more in this issue. Many friends left comments asking why I did not introduce their local mosques. The reason is simply that I have not been there. As a Hui Muslim from Niujie in Beijing, I did not even introduce the Niujie Mosque right at my doorstep. I thought everyone knew about it, so I did not mention it. It turns out that not a single person in the comments asked why I left out the Niujie Mosque.

I will not talk about food during Ramadan and will continue to share mosque photos with you instead.

Xiji County, Ningxia

Shagou Gongbei



Shagou Gongbei was first built during the Guangxu reign of the Qing Dynasty. Ma Yuanzhang, the seventh-generation successor of the Jahriyya menhuan, was initially buried here, but his remains were later moved to Zhangjiachuan, Gansu.











Zhongning County, Ningxia

Honggang Gangzi Gongbei



Honggang Gangzi Gongbei was built in 1939. It is the gongbei for Hong Shoulin, the founder of the Hongmen branch of the Khufiyya menhuan. It was damaged during the Cultural Revolution and rebuilt in 1987 under the organization of Hong Weizong, the third-generation successor of the Hongmen. The site covers 20,000 square meters and includes a canteen, living quarters, a bathhouse, a mosque, and the gongbei.















Tongxin County, Ningxia

Tongxin Great Mosque



Tongxin Great Mosque was first built in the early Ming Dynasty on the site of a collapsed Lama mosque. It has a history of about 600 years. It was renovated three times during the Ming and Qing dynasties. In 1936, when the Red Army marched west, they established the Yuhai County Hui Muslim Autonomous Government of the Shaan-Gan-Ning Border Region here.

















Guangdong, Shenzhen

Mosque



When I came to Shenzhen in 2015, this place was still a construction site. Today, a modern-style mosque with five floors above ground and one underground has been built. Shenzhen Mosque was completed in 2016. The main building has a prayer hall on every floor and a restaurant on the first floor.











Hubei, Xiangyang

Laohekou Mosque



Laohekou City Mosque in Hubei is the first Ikhwan (Yihewani) mosque in China. It was first built in the third year of the Xianfeng reign of the Qing Dynasty (1853). It has a history of 150 years and covers an area of 800 square meters. Ma Wanfu (Guoyuan), the advocate of the Ikhwan sect, once taught at Laohekou Mosque. In the autumn of 1940, the Hubei Provincial Branch of the China Islamic National Salvation Association moved to Laohekou, with its headquarters located inside the mosque. Today, this place no longer emphasizes sectarian differences.











Hubei, Wuhan

Ma Si Baba Gongbei



Ma Quan (1596–1678) was a famous Islamic scholar during the late Ming and early Qing dynasties. He was a third-generation student of Hu Dengzhou. His courtesy name was Minglong, and he was honored as Ma Si Baba. He was a Hui Muslim from Jiangxia, Hubei (modern-day Wuchang). Local folklore tells a fun story about Ma Si Baba having a magical duel with Zhang Sanfeng.















Shiyan, Hubei

Mosque



Shiyan Mosque was built in 1991. It is the first mosque in Shiyan city, and it was led by Imam Ma Wenxue from Ningxia.









Nanchang, Jiangxi

Cuxiang Mosque



Nanchang Cuxiang Mosque was first built in 1824. It is the only mosque in Nanchang city.









Sanya, Hainan

Huihui Village, Northwest Mosque



The Northwest Grand Mosque was originally called the West Mosque. It was first built during the Tang Dynasty. Its original site was in Huixin Village, which is now the Huixin community. In 1937, the Japanese landed on Hainan Island. To expand their military base and because Huixin Village had a strategic location for controlling the South China Sea, they forced all the Hui Muslims out of Huixin Village and into Huihui Village, which is now the Huihui community. At that time, the four mosques in Huixin Village—the North Mosque, West Mosque, Old Mosque, and South Mosque—were all torn down. Later, the West Mosque and North Mosque merged to form the Northwest Grand Mosque, which was rebuilt in Huihui Village in 1944. There are four mosques in Huihui Village. In 2015, the Northwest Grand Mosque built a high-rise teaching building with eight standard classrooms and two multi-purpose rooms. It can hold over 300 Muslim students at the same time, as shown in the picture below.











Sanya, Hainan

Huihui Village Old Mosque



The Huihui Village Old Mosque was first built in the sixth year of the Chenghua reign of the Ming Dynasty (1470). According to the Ming Dynasty's "Qiongzhou Prefecture Gazetteer" and the early Qing Dynasty's "Complete Collection of Illustrations and Writings of Ancient and Modern Times: Section on Geography," the ancestors of the Hui Muslims arrived by boat with their families between the Song and Yuan dynasties from Champa (near present-day Binh Dinh Province, Vietnam) and settled along the coast.







Xishuangbanna, Yunnan

Menghai County Mosque



Menghai Mosque is located on the Old North Street in the town of Menghai County, Xishuangbanna Prefecture, Yunnan Province. It was first built in the 1930s.









Xishuangbanna, Yunnan

Manluan Hui Mosque



The Hui Muslims of Manluan village take Dai names, wear Dai clothing, and speak the Dai language, yet they practice Islam. The men wear white caps and the women wear headscarves. Their lifestyle blends Dai traditions with Hui Muslim customs. The local Dai people call them 'Paxi Dai,' which means 'Hui Dai'.







Dali, Yunnan

Ximen Mosque



Dali Ximen Mosque was built in the Yuan Dynasty (1278 AD). Located inside the Dali Ancient City, it is the mosque where the famous Islamic scholar Bao Shan Zhenren began his teaching.









Dali, Yunnan

Nanmen Mosque



Dali Nanmen Mosque was built in the Yuan Dynasty and is one of the 100 ancient mosques in China. Before the failure of the Du Wenxiu Uprising, the mosque was located on Cangping Street, as recorded in The Travel Diaries of Xu Xiake. After the Du Wenxiu Uprising failed, the Qing government's post-war committee seized the mosque and its 120 mu of mosque land as rebel property. The mosque was turned into a City God Mosque, and in 1944, it became a local court. The current Nanmen Mosque is located inside the Dali Ancient City.









Lhasa, Tibet

Kachilin Ka East Mosque and West Mosque



The East Mosque and West Mosque in Lhasa's Kachi Linka are separated by only one wall at the back of the park. The East Mosque was built in 1655, and the West Mosque was built in 1775.











Lhasa, Tibet

Small Mosque



The Lhasa Small Mosque was built in the 1920s with funds raised for Muslim traders from Kashmir, Ladakh, Bhutan, Nepal, and Britain. It is located in the southern part of Barkhor Street in Lhasa's old town, just a few hundred meters from the Lhasa Great Mosque. Inside the entrance is a washing room, and the wall decorations are in a Tibetan style.







Shanghai

Huxi Mosque



Huxi Mosque, originally named Xiaoshadu Mosque and also known as Yaoshuinong Mosque, was built in 1914. It is commonly called the Old Mosque. Every Friday, a bazaar market is held near the mosque during Jumu'ah.





Hefei, Anhui

Mosque



Hefei Mosque was built during the Hongwu period of the Ming Dynasty. It was damaged but expanded after being returned in 1981. The current imam is Xu Zhihai.









Nanjing, Jiangsu

Caoqiao Mosque



Caoqiao Mosque is located on the former Caoqiao Street in Nanjing, which is how it got its name. It was first built during the Qianlong reign of the Qing Dynasty (1736–1795) and was destroyed by fire during the Taiping Rebellion. The mosque founded Dunmu Primary School in the early years of the Republic of China, with Yi Yufang serving as the first principal.











Yangzhou, Jiangsu

Puhading Mosque



Puhading Cemetery is commonly known as the Baba Kiln (Baba Yao) and is also called the Hui Muslim Hall (Huihui Tang). It covers 25 mu of land and consists of three parts: an ancient mosque, an ancient cemetery, and a classical garden. Puhading Garden was first built in the first year of the Deyou reign of the Song Dynasty (1275 AD) to honor Puhading, a 16th-generation descendant of the Prophet Muhammad.

















Taizhou, Jiangsu

Mosque



Taizhou Mosque was built in 2012 and is the first mosque in Taizhou City.







Shaoxing, Zhejiang

Pakistan Keqiao Community



Shaoxing has five prayer spots, and this is the largest one. It is a temporary religious site. If you cannot find a mosque in a southern city, just ask at a local hand-pulled noodle shop (lamian guan) to find out where the prayer spots are.











Huangnan Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture, Qinghai

Kangjia Mosque



This mosque was first built in the 16th year of the Yongle reign of the Ming Dynasty (1418). It is one of the oldest mosques in the pastoral areas of Qinghai Province.







Xunhua, Qinghai

Jiezi Mosque



Jiezi Grand Mosque is the second largest mosque in Qinghai. It is located in Sanlanbahai Village, Jiezi Township, Xunhua Salar Autonomous County. It houses a handwritten Quran brought by the ancestors of the Salar people when they moved east 700 years ago.









Jianza, Qinghai

Maketang Grand Mosque



This mosque was completed in 2018. It is the first mosque in Maketang Town, Jianza County, in the Tibetan region.

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